JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, IA 52317, USA.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009 Dec;65(4):404-13. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.10.001.
The seventh year of the Zyvox Annual Appraisal of Potency and Spectrum Program (2008) continues to monitor the in vitro activities of linezolid and comparator agents tested against Gram-positive pathogens in Latin America, Europe, Canada, and the Asia-Pacific region. Linezolid is an oxazolidinone approved for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections, complicated skin and soft tissue infections, and nosocomial pneumonia caused by various Gram-positive species including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Surveillance isolates were submitted from 64 medical centers (24 countries) for a total of 6121 strains. Each country was requested to send 200 consecutive isolates in 6 targeted pathogen categories to a central processing laboratory, except the United Kingdom, Japan, and China where more strains were processed (400, 400, and 800, respectively). Reference broth microdilution susceptibility testing methods were used to test the following organism groups: S. aureus (3240), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (748), enterococci (864), Streptococcus pneumoniae (655), viridans group (297), and beta-hemolytic streptococci (317). Eight linezolid-resistant (LZD-R) isolates were detected in 7 countries (Italy [2], France, China, Brazil, Sweden, Germany, and United Kingdom) among the enterococci (Enterococcus faecalis [3] and E. faecium [2]) and CoNS (3 Staphylococcus epidermidis). Five LZD-R isolates contained 23S rRNA mutations (G2576T or G2447T), and 2 strains had undeterminable resistance mechanisms. One CoNS (Italy) contained the mobile cfr gene. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci rates ranged from 0.0% in several countries to 59.4% in Taiwan. All streptococci were linezolid susceptible (MIC(90), 1 microg/mL). In conclusion, the activity of linezolid remained uniform and stable across the sampled geographic regions studied when compared to the 2006 to 2007 results. Documented LZD-R remains rare (only 0.13% overall but highest for CoNS [0.41%] and enterococci [0.69%]) among the 24 countries sampled for the 6 different pathogen groups. Rates of clindamycin resistance and the frequency of MRSA varied by geographic region and between nations; therefore, like oxazolidinones, it requires continued surveillance for changing resistance patterns.
第七年的 Zyvox 年度效价和光谱计划评估（2008 年）继续监测利奈唑胺和比较剂在拉丁美洲、欧洲、加拿大和亚太地区针对革兰阳性病原体的体外活性。利奈唑胺是一种批准用于治疗万古霉素耐药粪肠球菌感染、复杂皮肤和软组织感染以及由各种革兰阳性物种引起的医院获得性肺炎的噁唑烷酮。监测分离株来自 64 个医疗中心（24 个国家），共 6121 株。每个国家都被要求向一个中央处理实验室发送 6 种目标病原体类别中的 200 株连续分离株，但英国、日本和中国的处理菌株更多（分别为 400、400 和 800 株）。使用参考肉汤微量稀释药敏试验方法测试了以下生物体组：金黄色葡萄球菌（3240）、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CoNS）（748）、肠球菌（864）、肺炎链球菌（655）、草绿色链球菌组（297）和β-溶血性链球菌（317）。在 7 个国家（意大利[2]、法国、中国、巴西、瑞典、德国和英国）的肠球菌（粪肠球菌[3]和屎肠球菌[2]）和 CoNS（3 株表皮葡萄球菌）中检测到 8 株利奈唑胺耐药（LZD-R）分离株。5 株 LZD-R 分离株含有 23S rRNA 突变（G2576T 或 G2447T），2 株具有无法确定的耐药机制。1 株 CoNS（意大利）含有可移动的 cfr 基因。万古霉素耐药肠球菌的比率从几个国家的 0.0%到台湾的 59.4%不等。所有链球菌对利奈唑胺均敏感（MIC90，1μg/ml）。总之，与 2006 年至 2007 年的结果相比，利奈唑胺在研究的采样地理区域中的活性保持一致和稳定。在所采样的 24 个国家的 6 种不同病原体组中，记录到的 LZD-R 仍然很少（总体仅为 0.13%，但 CoNS[0.41%]和肠球菌[0.69%]最高）。克林霉素耐药率和 MRSA 频率因地理位置和国家之间的差异而有所不同；因此，像噁唑烷酮一样，它需要持续监测耐药模式的变化。
