Biomechanics Laboratory, Legacy Research and Technology Center, Portland, OR 97232, USA.
J Biomech. 2010 Mar 3;43(4):792-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.10.013. Epub 2009 Nov 14.
Callus formation occurs in the presence of secondary bone healing and has relevance to the fracture's mechanical environment. An objective image processing algorithm was developed to standardize the quantitative measurement of periosteal callus area in plain radiographs of long bone fractures. Algorithm accuracy and sensitivity were evaluated using surrogate models. For algorithm validation, callus formation on clinical radiographs was measured manually by orthopaedic surgeons and compared to non-clinicians using the algorithm. The algorithm measured the projected area of surrogate calluses with less than 5% error. However, error will increase when analyzing very small areas of callus and when using radiographs with low image resolution (i.e. 100 pixels per inch). The callus size extracted by the algorithm correlated well to the callus size outlined by the surgeons (R2=0.94, p<0.001). Furthermore, compared to clinician results, the algorithm yielded results with five times less inter-observer variance. This computational technique provides a reliable and efficient method to quantify secondary bone healing response.
骨痂形成发生在继发性骨愈合的情况下，与骨折的力学环境有关。开发了一种客观的图像处理算法，以标准化长骨骨折平片上骨膜骨痂面积的定量测量。使用替代模型评估算法的准确性和灵敏度。为了验证算法，由矫形外科医生手动测量临床 X 光片上的骨痂形成情况，并与使用算法的非临床医生进行比较。该算法测量替代骨痂的投影面积误差小于 5%。但是，当分析骨痂的非常小区域时，以及当使用图像分辨率较低（即每英寸 100 像素）的 X 光片时，误差会增加。算法提取的骨痂大小与外科医生勾勒的骨痂大小相关性良好（R2=0.94，p<0.001）。此外，与临床医生的结果相比，该算法的观察者间差异减少了五倍。这种计算技术为量化继发性骨愈合反应提供了一种可靠且高效的方法。
