Choi Myunghan, Belyea Michael, Phillips Linda R, Insel Kathleen, Min Sung-Kil
The College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85069-7100, USA.
Nurs Res. 2009 Nov-Dec;58(6):435-43. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0b013e3181b4b5fb.
Many Korean women are just beginning to recognize that what they considered to be normal treatment is actually domestic violence. Many are becoming more intolerant of the abuse and more likely to desire to leave an abusive relationship.
The aim of this study was to test, using the framework of sociostructural and psychological-relational power (PRP), a model of Korean women's propensities to leave their abusive husbands.
Multigroup structural equation modeling was used to test relationships between variables chosen from the sociostructural power and PRP to explain intolerance to abuse. Married Korean women (n = 184) who self-identified as being abused physically, psychologically, sexually, or financially participated in the study.
The multigroup analysis revealed that the relationship of abuse and Hwa-Byung (a culture-bound syndrome that denotes Korean women's anger) with intolerance was supported for women with low education (defined as having an education of high school or less: < or =12 years); also for this group, particularly among the younger women, high power was related to high levels of reported abuse and abuse intolerance. For women in the high-education group (education beyond high school: > or =13 years), high power was related to abuse, Hwa-Byung, and abuse intolerance; age did not influence power. Overall, the multigroup model adequately fitted the sample data (chi2 = 92.057, degree of freedom = 50, p = .000; normal fit index = .926, comparative fix index = .964, root mean square error of approximation = .068, Hoelter's critical number = 152), demonstrating that education is a crucial moderator of Korean women's attitude toward the unacceptability of abuse and propensity to terminate the marriage.
This study found support for a model of abuse intolerance using the framework of sociostructural power and PRP, primarily for the low-education group. Hwa-Byung was a mediating factor that contributed to intolerance to abuse in women with low education. This study highlights the importance of understanding the cultural assumptions that guide Korean women's beliefs and behaviors about abuse intolerance, suggesting that effective intervention programs should be specific to age and education, including a focus on resource availability, which could clarify the variations in Korean women's responses to abuse intolerance.
许多韩国女性刚刚开始意识到，她们原本认为正常的对待实际上是家庭暴力。许多人对这种虐待行为越来越无法容忍，并且更有可能想要离开虐待关系。
本研究的目的是使用社会结构和心理关系权力（PRP）框架，检验韩国女性离开虐待丈夫倾向的模型。
采用多组结构方程模型来检验从社会结构权力和PRP中选取的变量之间的关系，以解释对虐待行为的不容忍。自我认定在身体、心理、性或经济方面遭受虐待的已婚韩国女性（n = 184）参与了该研究。
多组分析显示，对于低学历女性（定义为具有高中或以下学历：≤12年），虐待与“火病”（一种表示韩国女性愤怒的文化束缚综合征）与不容忍之间的关系得到支持；对于该组，特别是在年轻女性中，高权力与报告的高虐待程度和虐待不容忍程度相关。对于高学历组女性（高中以上学历：≥13年），高权力与虐待、“火病”和虐待不容忍相关；年龄不影响权力。总体而言，多组模型充分拟合了样本数据（卡方 = 92.057，自由度 = 50，p = 0.000；正态拟合指数 = 0.926，比较拟合指数 = 0.964，近似误差均方根 = 0.068，霍尔特临界值 = 152），表明教育是韩国女性对虐待不可接受性的态度和终止婚姻倾向的关键调节因素。
本研究使用社会结构权力和PRP框架，主要针对低学历组，为虐待不容忍模型提供了支持。“火病”是导致低学历女性对虐待行为不容忍的中介因素。本研究强调了理解指导韩国女性关于虐待不容忍信念和行为的文化假设的重要性，表明有效的干预项目应针对年龄和教育程度，包括关注资源可用性，这可以阐明韩国女性对虐待不容忍反应的差异。
