不同蛇毒和抗蛇毒血清对人血浆凝血酶时间的影响。
The effect of different snake venoms and anti-venoms on thrombin clotting time in human plasma.
机构信息
IMC Krems, University of Applied Sciences, Piaristengasse 1, Austria.
出版信息
Thromb Res. 2010 Apr;125(4):e149-52. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.10.020.
BACKGROUND
Crotaline snake species, or pit vipers, are distributed throughout Asia and America. While much is known about the clinical effect of these snake venoms, there is a lack of evidence related to the various anti-venoms available and their effectiveness in reversing the effect of different venoms.
AIM
This study aimed to determine the interaction of the venoms of the following species: Crotalus unicolor, Crotalus adamanteus, Crotalus vegrandis, Trimeresurus spp, Calloselasma rhodostoma, Bothriechis schlegelii and Agkistrodon and the following anti-venoms: Anticrotalico, Antivipmyn, Antibotropico, Antifidico and SAIMR by evaluating their effect on the thrombin clotting time in human plasma.
METHOD
The interactions of venoms and anti-venoms were evaluated using thrombin clotting time in human plasma.
RESULTS
The results demonstrate that Anticrotalico anti-venom was most effective for the Crotalid species (Crotalus unicolor, Crotalus adamanteus, Crotalus vegrandis). Anticrotalico extended the time to clot formation 2.7 fold for Crotalus Unicolor, 3 fold for Crotalus Adamanteus and 4.6 fold for Crotalus Vegrandis. The anti-venoms most efficient in reversing the effect of the Trimeresurus spp venom, were Anticrotalico, Antivipmyn, Antibotropico and Antifidico anti-venoms, which all completely reversed the effect of clot formation as evident by no clot formation within the 999 seconds measurement limit. Bothriechis schlegelii venom was neutralized by all anti-venoms tested. Calloselasma rhodostoma venom was neutralized by Antifidico as well as Anticrotalico. The most efficient anti-venoms against the Agkistrodon venom were Anticrotalico and Antibotropico. In general, monovalent anti-venoms had improved efficiency for their corresponding snake species, depending highly on the composition of the snake venom. This study confirms the importance of considering the choice of anti-venom in a clinical setting, to reverse the effect of specific snake venoms. In addition, this study suggests that some anti-venoms can be considered for use against a variety of snake-venoms.
背景
响尾蛇科蛇种，又称坑蝰蛇，分布于亚洲和美洲各地。虽然人们对这些蛇毒的临床效果有了很多了解，但关于现有的各种抗蛇毒血清及其在逆转不同蛇毒作用方面的有效性，相关证据仍然缺乏。
目的
本研究旨在通过评估以下蛇种毒液与以下抗蛇毒血清的相互作用：矛头蝮属（Crotalus unicolor、Crotalus adamanteus、Crotalus vegrandis）、烙铁头属（Trimeresurus spp）、圆斑蝰（Calloselasma rhodostoma）、绞花林蛇（Bothriechis schlegelii）和尖吻蝮属（Agkistrodon），以及以下抗蛇毒血清：抗矛头蝮蛇毒血清（Anticrotalico）、抗蝰蛇毒血清（Antivipmyn）、抗银环蛇毒血清（Antibotropico）、抗尖吻蝮蛇毒血清（Antifidico）和南非抗蛇毒血清（SAIMR），来确定这些抗蛇毒血清在逆转不同蛇毒作用方面的有效性。方法：采用人血浆凝血酶凝固时间评估毒液与抗蛇毒血清的相互作用。
结果
结果表明，抗矛头蝮蛇毒血清对响尾蛇科蛇种（矛头蝮属的 Crotalus unicolor、Crotalus adamanteus、Crotalus vegrandis）最有效。抗矛头蝮蛇毒血清将矛头蝮属蛇种的凝血酶凝固时间延长了 2.7 倍（矛头蝮属 Crotalus unicolor）、3 倍（矛头蝮属 Crotalus adamanteus）和 4.6 倍（矛头蝮属 Crotalus vegrandis）。抗烙铁头属蛇毒血清、抗银环蛇毒血清、抗尖吻蝮蛇毒血清最能有效逆转尖吻蝮属蛇种（Agkistrodon）的蛇毒作用，在 999 秒的测量限制内，所有这些血清都完全逆转了凝血酶凝固时间，没有形成血栓。所有测试的抗蛇毒血清都能中和绞花林蛇（Bothriechis schlegelii）的蛇毒。抗尖吻蝮蛇毒血清和抗矛头蝮蛇毒血清都能中和圆斑蝰（Calloselasma rhodostoma）的蛇毒。抗银环蛇毒血清和抗矛头蝮蛇毒血清是对抗尖吻蝮属蛇毒（Agkistrodon）最有效的抗蛇毒血清。一般来说，单价抗蛇毒血清对其相应的蛇种更有效，这主要取决于蛇毒的成分。本研究证实了在临床环境中考虑选择抗蛇毒血清来逆转特定蛇毒作用的重要性。此外，本研究表明，一些抗蛇毒血清可以考虑用于治疗多种蛇毒。
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