Markets and Trade Economics Division, Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 2009 Dec;92(12):6210-6. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2536.
Ice cream has been manufactured commercially in the United States since the middle of the 19th century. Ice cream and frozen dessert products comprise an important and relatively stable component of the United States dairy industry. As with many other dairy products, ice cream is differentiated in several dimensions. A censored translog demand system model was employed to analyze purchases of 3 ice cream product categories. The objective of this study was to determine the effect that changes in retail prices and consumer income have on at-home ice cream consumption. The analysis was based on Nielsen 2005 home scan retail data and used marital status, age, race, education, female employment status, and location in the estimations of aggregate demand elasticities. Results revealed that price and consumer income were the main determinants of demand for ice cream products. Calculated own-price elasticities indicated relatively elastic responses by consumers for all categories except for compensated bulk ice cream. All expenditure elasticities were inelastic except for bulk ice cream, and most of the ice cream categories were substitutes. Ongoing efforts to examine consumer demand for these products will assist milk producers, dairy processors and manufacturers, and dairy marketers as they face changing consumer responses to food and diet issues.
冰淇淋自 19 世纪中叶以来就在美国商业化生产。冰淇淋和冷冻甜点产品构成了美国乳制品行业中一个重要且相对稳定的组成部分。与许多其他乳制品一样，冰淇淋在几个方面存在差异。本研究采用了一种经审查的转移对数需求系统模型来分析 3 种冰淇淋产品类别的购买情况。本研究的目的是确定零售价格和消费者收入变化对家庭冰淇淋消费的影响。该分析基于尼尔森 2005 年家庭扫描零售数据，并在总需求弹性的估计中使用了婚姻状况、年龄、种族、教育、女性就业状况和位置。结果表明，价格和消费者收入是冰淇淋产品需求的主要决定因素。计算得出的自价格弹性表明，除了补偿散装冰淇淋外，所有类别对消费者的反应都比较灵活。除了散装冰淇淋外，所有支出弹性都是无弹性的，而且大多数冰淇淋类别都是替代品。对这些产品的消费者需求进行持续研究，将有助于牛奶生产者、乳制品加工商和制造商以及乳制品营销商，因为他们面临着消费者对食品和饮食问题的反应不断变化的情况。
