Keller Gregory S, Mashkevich Grigoriy
Division of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Facial Plast Surg. 2009 Nov;25(4):222-33. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1242034. Epub 2009 Nov 18.
Endoscopic method of rejuvenating the brow-forehead complex has evolved into the procedure of choice for many aesthetic surgeons. Safe and reliable application of the endoscopic technique depends on several important factors. These include technical expertise with the endoscopic equipment, understanding of the surgical goals in patients seeking rejuvenation in the forehead region, and detailed comprehension of the steps involved in altering forehead anatomy during endoscopic lifting. In this manuscript, the senior author reviews his experience with the endoscopic forehead lift and delineates a stepwise approach to this technically challenging operation. The text also highlights important details with respect to patient care, endoscopic equipment, and surgical anatomy. "Keller' rules of fours" are introduced to summarize surgical pearls of the endoscopic forehead and brow lift.
内镜下额部年轻化手术方法已成为许多美容外科医生的首选术式。内镜技术的安全可靠应用取决于几个重要因素。这些因素包括对内镜设备的技术掌握、对寻求额部年轻化患者手术目标的理解，以及对内镜下提升术中改变额部解剖结构所涉及步骤的详细了解。在本手稿中，资深作者回顾了他在内镜下额部提升手术方面的经验，并阐述了针对这一技术挑战性手术的逐步方法。本文还强调了有关患者护理、内镜设备和手术解剖的重要细节。引入了“凯勒四法则”来总结内镜下额部和眉部提升手术的技巧。
