Queen Mary, University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
Dev Dyn. 2009 Dec;238(12):2951-74. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.22146.
Whole genome duplication events are thought to have substantially contributed to organismal complexity, largely via divergent transcriptional regulation. Members of the vertebrate PAX2, PAX5 and PAX8 gene subfamily derived from an ancient class of paired box genes and arose from such whole genome duplication events. These genes are critical in establishing the midbrain-hindbrain boundary, specifying interneuron populations and for eye, ear and kidney development. Also PAX2 has adopted a unique role in pancreas development, whilst PAX5 is essential for early B-cell differentiation. The contribution of PAX258 genes to their collective role has diverged across paralogues and the animal lineages, resulting in a complex wealth of literature. It is now timely to provide a comprehensive comparative overview of these genes and their ancient and divergent roles. We also discuss their fundamental place within gene regulatory networks and the likely influence of cis-regulatory elements over their differential roles during early animal development.
全基因组复制事件被认为极大地促进了生物复杂性的发展，主要是通过转录调控的差异。脊椎动物 PAX2、PAX5 和 PAX8 基因亚家族的成员源自一类古老的配对盒基因，并由全基因组复制事件产生。这些基因在中脑-后脑边界的建立、中间神经元群体的特异性以及眼睛、耳朵和肾脏发育中起着关键作用。PAX2 还在胰腺发育中发挥了独特的作用，而 PAX5 则对早期 B 细胞分化至关重要。PAX258 基因对其集体作用的贡献在同源基因和动物谱系中已经出现了分歧，从而产生了丰富的文献资料。现在是时候对这些基因及其古老而不同的作用进行全面的比较综述了。我们还讨论了它们在基因调控网络中的基本位置，以及顺式调控元件对它们在早期动物发育过程中差异作用的可能影响。
