Kessler R, Ryser D H
Medizinische Abteilung, Anna-Seiler-Haus, Inselspital Bern.
Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1991 Jan 15;80(3):31-5.
Acute drug intoxication is a medical emergency considering its potential interference with vital functions. All 157 cases with drug overdose admitted to the emergency department of the "Inselspital" in Berne over 183 days between July 1989 and June 1990 were analyzed retrospectively. In the vast majority of cases heroin overdose was involved. In mixed poisonings with heroin mostly flunitrazepam and alcohol contributed to the clinical picture, less commonly cocaine. There were very few intoxications with cocaine alone. A practical approach to the management of patients with certain or suspected drug intoxication presenting with coma and depressed respiration is proposed. In the therapy of acute intoxications with opiates and benzodiazepines there are specific antagonists available. In contrast, therapy of cocaine overdose remains symptomatic. The medical complications of acute heroin and cocaine intoxications are discussed separately.
考虑到急性药物中毒对重要功能的潜在干扰，它属于医疗急症。对1989年7月至1990年6月期间在伯尔尼“ Inselspital”急诊科183天内收治的157例药物过量病例进行了回顾性分析。绝大多数病例涉及海洛因过量。在海洛因混合中毒中，主要是氟硝西泮和酒精导致临床表现，可卡因较少见。单独使用可卡因中毒的情况非常少。本文提出了一种针对出现昏迷和呼吸抑制的确定性或疑似药物中毒患者的实际处理方法。在阿片类药物和苯二氮䓬类药物急性中毒的治疗中，有特定的拮抗剂可用。相比之下，可卡因过量的治疗仍以对症治疗为主。本文分别讨论了急性海洛因和可卡因中毒的医学并发症。
