Bujak-Pietrek Stella, Szadkowska-Stańczyk Irena
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im prof. J. Nofera, Zakład Srodowiskowych Zagrozeń Zdrowia, Lódź.
Med Pr. 2009;60(4):247-57.
Dust emitted during construction and renovation works is one of the most important occupational hazards in the construction branch of industry. A considerable amount of silica-containing dust emission occur during demolition, materials treatment, grinding and polishing, crushing and sieving of loose materials. The aim of the presented study was to analyze the dust exposure among construction workers employed at different workposts.
Based on the data received from voivodship and county sanitary inspection services, including the results of inhalable and respirable dust concentration measurements, performed under the project of workposts hygiene evaluaton, dust exposure in the construction industry was assessed, taking account of different kinds of dust. The results of dust concentration measurements was compared with the currently binding hygiene standards, and the percentage of concentrations exceeding hygiene standards was estimated.
In the years 2001-2005, 3717 dust concentration measurements were performed in the construction industry. The highest exposure levels of inhalable dust were found in workers involved in varnishing (4.76 mg/m3), renovation (3.88 mg/m3) and welding (3.75 mg/m3). For respirable dust, the highest concerned concerning welders (1.82 mg/m3), renovation workers (0.89 mg/m3) and materials treatment workers (0.79 mg/m3). The highest percentage of values (inhalable and respirable fractions) exceeding hygiene standards was also found in the group of welders. CONCLUIONS: Activities performed at individual stages of the construction process are the source of dust emission. Construction workers are exposed to silica dust of varied concentrations, but they often exceed hygiene standards. Works involving intensive dust emission, particularly those inside the buildings, require that the workers wear efficient, individual, respiratory protection devices.
建筑和装修工程中产生的粉尘是建筑行业最重要的职业危害之一。在拆除、材料处理、打磨和抛光、松散材料的破碎和筛分过程中会产生大量含硅粉尘。本研究的目的是分析不同工作岗位的建筑工人的粉尘暴露情况。
根据从省和县级卫生检查服务机构获得的数据，包括在工作岗位卫生评估项目下进行的可吸入和可呼吸粉尘浓度测量结果，考虑到不同类型的粉尘，对建筑行业的粉尘暴露情况进行了评估。将粉尘浓度测量结果与当前具有约束力的卫生标准进行比较，并估算出超过卫生标准的浓度百分比。
2001年至2005年期间，在建筑行业进行了3717次粉尘浓度测量。发现从事涂漆工作的工人（4.76毫克/立方米）、装修工人（3.88毫克/立方米）和焊接工人（3.75毫克/立方米）的可吸入粉尘暴露水平最高。对于可呼吸粉尘，最高的是焊工（1.82毫克/立方米）、装修工人（0.89毫克/立方米）和材料处理工人（0.79毫克/立方米）。在焊工组中也发现超过卫生标准的值（可吸入和可呼吸部分）的百分比最高。结论：建筑过程各个阶段所进行的活动是粉尘排放的来源。建筑工人接触到浓度各异的硅粉尘，但其浓度常常超过卫生标准。涉及大量粉尘排放的工作，尤其是建筑物内部的工作，要求工人佩戴高效的个人呼吸防护装置。
