Zamora-Trejos Priscilla, Cortés Jorge
Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Ciudad de la Investigación, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica.
Rev Biol Trop. 2009 Sep;57(3):473-88.
Costa Rica has mangrove forests on both the Caribbean and Pacific coasts. The Pacific side has 99% of the mangrove area of the country. In this review we compile available information on the mangroves of the north Pacific coast of Costa Rica, from Bahía Salinas, on the border with Nicaragua, to the tip of the Peninsula de Nicoya at Cabo Blanco. We provide information on the location of the mangroves and all available information for each mangrove forest. These mangrove communities are smaller in extension and tree sizes, and have lower diversity compared to the mangroves on the southern section of the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. The dominant species are Rhizophora mangle and Rhizophora racemosa along the canal edges, backed by Avicennia germinans, and farther inland Avicennia bicolor, Laguncularia racemosa and Conocarpus erectus. At Potrero Grande a healthy population of Pelliciera rhizophorae, a rare species, has been reported. We recognized 38 mangrove communities in this part of the country, based on the National Wetland Inventory, published papers, field observations, theses, technical reports, and the national topographic maps (1:50,000, Instituto Geográfico Nacional). Relatively detailed information could be found for only five mangrove forests, for 14 more only prelimary and incomplete lists of plants and in some cases of animal species are available, for nine there is even less information, and for nine more only their location is known, which in some cases was not correct. Detail mapping, characterization of the vegetation and fauna, physiological studies, analyses of biogeochemical and physical processes, economic valuations, and determination of the health status of the mangrove of the northern Pacific coast, as well as for the rest of Costa Rica, are neccesary and urgent.
哥斯达黎加的加勒比海岸和太平洋海岸均有红树林。该国99%的红树林区域位于太平洋一侧。在本综述中，我们汇总了有关哥斯达黎加北太平洋海岸红树林的现有信息，范围从与尼加拉瓜接壤的巴伊亚萨利纳斯到尼科亚半岛位于卡沃布兰科的尖端。我们提供了红树林的位置信息以及每片红树林的所有现有信息。与哥斯达黎加太平洋海岸南段的红树林相比，这些红树林群落的面积和树木大小较小，多样性也较低。沿运河边缘的优势物种是红树和总状红树，后面是白骨壤，再往内陆是双色白骨壤、拉贡木和直立海榄雌。在波特雷罗格兰德，据报道有一种珍稀物种——红树科佩利西埃树的健康种群。基于国家湿地清单、已发表的论文、实地观察、论文、技术报告和国家地形图（1:50,000，国家地理研究所），我们在该国的这一地区识别出了38个红树林群落。仅能找到五个红树林的相对详细信息，另外14个只有初步的、不完整的植物清单，在某些情况下还有动物物种清单，九个的信息更少，还有九个仅知道其位置，在某些情况下位置并不准确。对北太平洋海岸以及哥斯达黎加其他地区的红树林进行详细测绘、植被和动物特征描述、生理研究、生物地球化学和物理过程分析、经济评估以及健康状况测定是必要且紧迫的。
