The University of Texas Health Science Center, Institute for Drug Development at CTRC, Zeller's Building, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Dec;5(12):1607-14. doi: 10.1517/17425250903451675.
Nausea and vomiting is one of the most feared side effects of chemotherapy; however, in the past 20 years, a better understanding of the pathophysiology of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) has led to the introduction of newer antiemetics, which have improved the management of this side effect.
This article reviews the prevention of CINV and the role of aprepitant, the first of the newest class of antiemetics, the neurokinin-1 inhibitors. A brief description of the pathophysiology of CINV and the background on the prevention of CINV using the 5-HT(3) antagonists is outlined. The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and various clinical studies with aprepitant are reviewed.
The literature about aprepitant is reviewed focusing on the role of aprepitant in the management of CINV in relationship to other commonly used antiemetics. The literature was searched regarding aprepitant and its pharmacological characteristics, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and various clinical studies.
Aprepitant has a significant role in the management of CINV, as it allows the majority of patients to complete their chemotherapies without significant morbidity. Its use in a variety of clinical settings in cancer patients needs to be further explored.
恶心和呕吐是化疗最令人恐惧的副作用之一；然而，在过去的 20 年中，人们对化疗引起的恶心和呕吐（CINV）的病理生理学有了更好的理解，这导致了新型止吐药的问世，从而改善了这种副作用的治疗效果。
本文回顾了 CINV 的预防以及 aprepitant 的作用，aprepitant 是新型神经激肽-1 抑制剂类止吐药中的第一种。简要描述了 CINV 的病理生理学以及使用 5-HT3 拮抗剂预防 CINV 的背景。本文还综述了 aprepitant 的药理学、药代动力学、药物相互作用以及各种临床研究。
本文重点关注 aprepitant 在与其他常用止吐药联合应用于 CINV 管理方面的作用，对 aprepitant 相关文献进行了回顾。检索了 aprepitant 及其药理学特性、药代动力学、药物相互作用和各种临床研究的相关文献。
aprepitant 在 CINV 的管理中具有重要作用，因为它使大多数患者在无明显发病率的情况下完成化疗。需要进一步探讨其在癌症患者各种临床环境中的应用。
