Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Phytochemistry. 2010 Feb;71(2-3):132-41. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.10.017. Epub 2009 Dec 4.
NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) serves as the electron donor to almost all eukaryotic cytochromes P450. It belongs to a small family of diflavin proteins and is built of cofactor binding domains with high structural homology to those of bacterial flavodoxins and to ferredoxin-NADP(+) oxidoreductases. CPR shuttles electrons from NADPH through the FAD and FMN-cofactors into the central heme-group of the P450s. Mobile domains in CPR are essential for electron transfer between FAD and FMN and for P450 interaction. Blast searches identified 54 full-length gene sequences encoding CPR derived from a total of 35 different plant species. CPRs from vascular plants cluster into two major phylogenetic groups. Depending on the species, plants contain one, two or three paralogs of which one is inducible. The nature of the CPR-P450 interacting domains is well conserved as demonstrated by the ability of CPRs from different species or even from different kingdoms to at least partially complement each other functionally. This makes CPR an ideal bio-brick in synthetic biology approaches to re-design or develop entirely different combinations of existing biological systems to gain improved or completely altered functionalities based on the "share your parts" principle.
NADPH-细胞色素 P450 氧化还原酶（CPR）是几乎所有真核细胞色素 P450 的电子供体。它属于一个小的双黄素蛋白家族，由辅因子结合结构域组成，与细菌黄素蛋白和铁氧还蛋白-NADP(+)氧化还原酶具有高度的结构同源性。CPR 将电子从 NADPH 通过 FAD 和 FMN 辅因子传递到 P450 的中心血红素基团中。CPR 中的可移动结构域对于 FAD 和 FMN 之间的电子转移以及 P450 相互作用至关重要。Blast 搜索从总共 35 种不同的植物物种中鉴定出 54 个全长编码 CPR 的基因序列。来自维管植物的 CPR 聚集为两个主要的系统发育群。根据物种的不同，植物含有一个、两个或三个同源物，其中一个是可诱导的。CPR-P450 相互作用结构域的性质是高度保守的，这可以证明来自不同物种甚至不同王国的 CPR 至少在功能上能够部分互补。这使得 CPR 成为合成生物学方法中理想的生物积木，可以重新设计或开发现有的生物系统的完全不同的组合，根据“分享你的部分”原则获得改进或完全改变的功能。
