Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2010 Apr;25(4):215-23. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2009.10.005. Epub 2009 Nov 26.
Chromosomal sex determination systems create the opportunity for the evolution of selfish genetic elements that increase the transmission of one sex chromosome at the expense of its homolog. Because such selfish elements on sex chromosomes can reduce fertility and distort the sex ratio of progeny, unlinked suppressors are expected to evolve, bringing different regions of the genome into conflict over the meiotic transmission of the sex chromosomes. Here we argue that recurrent genetic conflict over sex chromosome transmission is an important evolutionary force that has shaped a wide range of seemingly disparate phenomena including the epigenetic regulation of genes expressed in the germline, the distribution of genes in the genome, and the evolution of hybrid sterility between species.
染色体性别决定系统为自私遗传因子的进化创造了机会,这些因子通过牺牲同源染色体来增加一条性染色体的传递。由于性染色体上的这种自私因子会降低生育能力并扭曲后代的性别比例,因此预计会进化出不相关的抑制因子,使基因组的不同区域在性染色体的减数分裂传递中产生冲突。在这里,我们认为,性染色体传递的遗传冲突是一种重要的进化力量,它塑造了广泛的看似不同的现象,包括生殖细胞中基因的表观遗传调控、基因在基因组中的分布以及物种间杂种不育的进化。