Frank Steven A
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92717, USA.
Evolution. 1991 Mar;45(2):262-267. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04401.x.
Two empirical generalizations about speciation remain unexplained: the tendency of the heterogametic sex to be sterile or inviable in F hybrids (Haldane's rule), and the tendency of the X chromosome to harbor the genetic elements that cause this sex bias in hybrid fitness. I suggest that divergence of meiotic drive systems on the sex chromosomes can explain these observations. The theory follows from two simple facts. First, sex chromosomes are particularly susceptible to the forces of meiotic drive. Second, divergence of meiotic drive systems can cause hybrid sterility and in viability. The main objection to the theory is that meiotic drive is apparently rare, whereas the observed pattern of hybrid fitness is widespread. I answer this objection by showing that divergence of meiotic drive systems can explain the two generalizations even if large departures from Mendelian segregation are rarely observed.
在杂种F中异配性别不育或无活力的倾向（霍尔丹法则），以及X染色体携带导致杂种适应性出现这种性别偏差的遗传元件的倾向。我认为性染色体上减数分裂驱动系统的分化可以解释这些现象。该理论基于两个简单事实。首先，性染色体特别容易受到减数分裂驱动力量的影响。其次，减数分裂驱动系统的分化会导致杂种不育和无活力。对该理论的主要反对意见是，减数分裂驱动显然很少见，而观察到的杂种适应性模式却很普遍。我通过表明即使很少观察到偏离孟德尔分离的情况，减数分裂驱动系统的分化也能解释这两个概括，来回应这一反对意见。
