Departamento de Análisis Económico y Finanzas, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
Eur J Public Health. 2010 Jun;20(3):265-70. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckp183. Epub 2009 Nov 23.
Although many authors have investigated the impact of sex on the association between socio-economic status (SES) and suicide, a definite consensus has not yet emerged. Using Danish population registration data including 15 648 suicide deaths of individuals aged 18-65 year during 1981-97 and matched population controls, we investigate the associations of multiple SES factors with suicide risk and explore the sex-specific aspects of these associations.
We use conditional logistic regression models to estimate the statistical relationship between SES, sex and suicide.
SES, proxied by low income, unskilled blue-collar work, non-specific wage work and unemployment, increases suicide risk more prominently for men than for women. Marital status has a comparable influence on suicide risk in both sexes; parenthood is protective against suicide, and the effect is larger for women. Living in a large city raises suicide risk for women but reduces it for men; residents with a foreign citizenship in Denmark have a lower risk of suicide compared with Danish citizens, but this protection is confined to male immigrants.
Our results demonstrate that suicide risk is associated with a range of SES proxies but the strength and/or direction of the association can differ by sex. Risk assessment and, therefore, prevention approaches should take this into consideration.
尽管许多作者研究了性别对社会经济地位（SES）与自杀之间关联的影响，但尚未达成明确共识。利用丹麦人口登记数据，包括 1981 年至 1997 年期间年龄在 18-65 岁的 15648 例自杀死亡者和匹配的人口对照，我们调查了多种 SES 因素与自杀风险的关联，并探讨了这些关联的性别特异性方面。
我们使用条件逻辑回归模型来估计 SES、性别和自杀之间的统计学关系。
SES 由低收入、非熟练蓝领工作、非特定工资工作和失业来表示，对男性自杀风险的影响比女性更为显著。婚姻状况对两性的自杀风险具有相当的影响；为人父母对自杀有保护作用，对女性的影响更大。居住在大城市会增加女性的自杀风险，但会降低男性的自杀风险；与丹麦公民相比，丹麦的外国公民的自杀风险较低，但这种保护仅限于男性移民。
我们的研究结果表明，自杀风险与一系列 SES 指标相关，但关联的强度和/或方向可能因性别而异。风险评估，因此，预防措施应该考虑到这一点。
