Całkosiński Ireneusz, Zasadowski Arkadiusz, Bronowicka-Szydełko Agnieszka, Dzierzba Katarzyna, Seweryn Ewa, Dobrzyński Maciej, Gamian Andrzej
Katedra i Zakład Biochemii Lekarskiej, Akademia Medyczna we Wrocławiu, 50-368 Wrocław.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2009 Nov 12;63:537-48.
So far, the main sources of biologically active substances used in medicine have been plants, molds, and propolis. The obtained compounds have either therapeutic features or require additional modification. They are sometimes combined with other pharmacological substances to intensify their therapeutic effect. However, the effectiveness of many drugs has been rapidly decreasing.The overuse of antibiotics in the treatment and prophylaxis of human infections (especially in hospitals) as well as their widespread and often unjustified use in the treatment and prophylaxis of farm animal illnesses contribute to the development of a variety of resistance mechanisms by microorganisms. Because of the increasing ineffectiveness of antibiotics used so far and difficulties in obtaining new drugs, it is necessary to find new sources of these compounds, for example in animal organisms. Research has demonstrated that amphibian skin secretions are rich in a variety of active substances which have strong pharmacological properties. In these compounds we can distinguish, for example, toxins, antimicrobial peptides, opioid peptides, steroids, and alkaloids.These compounds show cytotoxic, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and even antiviral activities (including anti-HIV). These substances can be used in cell receptor studies and in transmembrane ion transport analysis. Because these compounds are secreted by skin glands,they can be easy obtained without injuring these animals. It is probable that amphibian skin constitutes a potential source of modern drugs.
到目前为止，医学中使用的生物活性物质的主要来源一直是植物、霉菌和蜂胶。所获得的化合物要么具有治疗特性，要么需要进一步修饰。它们有时与其他药理物质结合以增强其治疗效果。然而，许多药物的有效性一直在迅速下降。抗生素在人类感染的治疗和预防中（尤其是在医院）的过度使用，以及它们在农场动物疾病的治疗和预防中广泛且常常不合理的使用，导致微生物产生了多种耐药机制。由于目前使用的抗生素越来越无效，以及获取新药存在困难，有必要寻找这些化合物的新来源，例如在动物机体中寻找。研究表明，两栖动物的皮肤分泌物富含多种具有强大药理特性的活性物质。在这些化合物中，例如，我们可以区分出毒素、抗菌肽、阿片肽、类固醇和生物碱。这些化合物具有细胞毒性、抗菌、止痛、抗炎甚至抗病毒活性（包括抗艾滋病毒活性）。这些物质可用于细胞受体研究和跨膜离子转运分析。由于这些化合物是由皮肤腺体分泌的，所以可以在不伤害这些动物的情况下轻松获得。两栖动物的皮肤很可能构成现代药物的潜在来源。
