University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC 10 5580, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2009 Dec;36(4):891-906, xi-xii. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2009.10.008.
Substance abuse poses significant health risks to reproductive age women in the United States and, for those who become pregnant, to their children. Substance abuse or dependence is defined as a maladaptive pattern of substance use marked by recurrent and significant negative consequences related to the repeated use of substances. Alcohol is the most prevalent substance consumed by childbearing-aged women, followed by tobacco and various illicit drugs. Substance use in the preconception period predicts continued but often limited substance use during the prenatal period. Providers must be aware of reproductive age women's unique physiologic, psychological, and social needs and the related legal and ethical ramifications surrounding substance abuse before referral to a community-based multidisciplinary team for often long-term treatment.
物质滥用会对美国处于生育年龄的女性健康造成严重威胁，而对于那些怀孕的女性来说，也会对她们的孩子造成威胁。物质滥用或依赖被定义为一种适应不良的物质使用模式，其特点是反复出现的、与物质反复使用相关的显著负面后果。酒精是生育年龄妇女最常消费的物质，其次是烟草和各种非法药物。孕前的物质使用预测了产前期间持续但往往有限的物质使用。在转介到基于社区的多学科团队进行长期治疗之前，提供者必须了解生育年龄女性的独特生理、心理和社会需求，以及围绕物质滥用的相关法律和伦理后果。
