Walton-Moss B J, Becker K L
Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Lippincotts Prim Care Pract. 2000 May-Jun;4(3):290-301.
In the United States, 45% of all women use alcohol, and nearly 26% smoke cigarettes. Approximately 13% use illicit substances, prescribed medications, or both in recreational ways. Although women use these substances less often than men, the health consequences of their use for women, particularly the use of alcohol, are either equivalent or greater. Women's social relationships play key roles in the onset of substance use disorders, treatment, and continued recovery. Major psychoactive substances include nicotine, alcohol, illicit drugs, and recreational use of nonprescribed medications. Biopsychosocial aspects unique to women are reviewed, followed by treatment approaches, concluding with implications for primary care providers.
在美国，45%的女性饮酒，近26%的女性吸烟。约13%的女性以消遣方式使用非法物质、处方药或两者兼用。尽管女性使用这些物质的频率低于男性，但这些物质对女性健康造成的后果，尤其是饮酒的后果，要么相当，要么更为严重。女性的社会关系在物质使用障碍的发病、治疗及持续康复过程中发挥着关键作用。主要的精神活性物质包括尼古丁、酒精、非法药物以及非处方药的消遣性使用。本文将对女性特有的生物心理社会因素进行综述，接着介绍治疗方法，最后阐述对初级保健提供者的启示。
