Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
ChemSusChem. 2009;2(12):1096-107. doi: 10.1002/cssc.200900188.
Cellulose is a major source of glucose because it is readily available, renewable, and does not compete with the food supply. Hydrolysis of cellulose is experiencing a new research and development cycle in which this reaction is carried out over solid catalysts and coupled to other reactions for increased efficiency. Cellulose is typically not soluble in conventional solvents and very resistant to chemical and biological transformations. This Review focuses on aspects related to the hydrolysis of cellulose as this process is a significant entry point into the biorefinery scheme based on carbohydrates for the production of biofuels and biochemicals. Structural features of cellulose, conventional acid-catalyzed reactions, and the use of solid acid catalysts for hydrolysis are discussed. The longterm success of the biorefinery concept depends on the development of energetically efficient processes to convert cellulose directly or indirectly into biofuels and chemicals.
纤维素是葡萄糖的主要来源，因为它来源广泛、可再生，且不会与食物供应竞争。纤维素的水解正在经历一个新的研发周期，在这个周期中，该反应在固体催化剂上进行，并与其他反应耦合以提高效率。纤维素通常不溶于常规溶剂，并且对化学和生物转化具有很强的抵抗力。本综述重点介绍与纤维素水解相关的方面，因为该过程是基于碳水化合物的生物炼制方案中进入生物燃料和生物化学制品生产的重要入口。讨论了纤维素的结构特征、常规酸催化反应以及固体酸催化剂在水解中的应用。生物炼制概念的长期成功取决于开发节能工艺，以便将纤维素直接或间接地转化为生物燃料和化学品。
