Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), Breeding Base of State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2011 Nov;40(11):5588-617. doi: 10.1039/c1cs15124j. Epub 2011 Aug 24.
Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant and bio-renewable resource with great potential for sustainable production of chemicals and fuels. This critical review provides insights into the state-of the-art accomplishments in the chemocatalytic technologies to generate fuels and value-added chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass, with an emphasis on its major component, cellulose. Catalytic hydrolysis, solvolysis, liquefaction, pyrolysis, gasification, hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation are the major processes presently studied. Regarding catalytic hydrolysis, the acid catalysts cover inorganic or organic acids and various solid acids such as sulfonated carbon, zeolites, heteropolyacids and oxides. Liquefaction and fast pyrolysis of cellulose are primarily conducted over catalysts with proper acidity/basicity. Gasification is typically conducted over supported noble metal catalysts. Reaction conditions, solvents and catalysts are the prime factors that affect the yield and composition of the target products. Most of processes yield a complex mixture, leading to problematic upgrading and separation. An emerging technique is to integrate hydrolysis, liquefaction or pyrolysis with hydrogenation over multifunctional solid catalysts to convert lignocellulosic biomass to value-added fine chemicals and bio-hydrocarbon fuels. And the promising catalysts might be supported transition metal catalysts and zeolite-related materials. There still exist technological barriers that need to be overcome (229 references).
木质纤维素生物质是最丰富和可再生的资源，具有可持续生产化学品和燃料的巨大潜力。本文综述了从木质纤维素生物质中生成燃料和高附加值化学品的化学催化技术的最新进展，重点介绍了其主要成分纤维素。目前研究的主要工艺包括催化水解、溶剂解、液化、热解、气化、氢解和加氢。关于催化水解，酸催化剂包括无机或有机酸以及各种固体酸，如磺化碳、沸石、杂多酸和氧化物。纤维素的液化和快速热解主要在具有适当酸度/碱度的催化剂上进行。气化通常在负载贵金属催化剂上进行。反应条件、溶剂和催化剂是影响目标产物产率和组成的主要因素。大多数工艺都会产生复杂的混合物，导致升级和分离困难。一种新兴的技术是在多功能固体催化剂上将水解、液化或热解与加氢集成，以将木质纤维素生物质转化为高附加值的精细化学品和生物碳氢燃料。有前途的催化剂可能是负载过渡金属催化剂和沸石相关材料。仍然存在需要克服的技术障碍（229 篇参考文献）。
