Meyer Dawn
Sharp Memorial Hospital, Ortho/Neuro Services, 7901 Frost Street, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2009 Dec;21(4):517-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2009.07.016.
This article reviews the current use of antiplatelet medications in secondary stroke prevention and in acute stroke treatment. Antiplatelet medications prevent emboli and thrombus formation to avert further vascular occlusion and ischemia. Aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), and extended release aspirin/dipyridamole (Aggrenox) represent the mainstay of secondary prevention of ischemic and transient ischemic stroke. Although antiplatelet medications prevent platelet aggregation by different mechanisms, the end result is a significantly decreased risk of secondary stroke, myocardial infarction, and death. Increasingly, the literature reflects hypotheses about the potential utility of aspirin and clopidogrel antiplatelet therapy as a preventative measure in patients at risk of stroke and as an approach to treat embolic ischemic stroke in the acute phase once it has occurred.
本文综述了抗血小板药物在二级卒中预防和急性卒中治疗中的当前应用。抗血小板药物可预防栓子和血栓形成，以避免进一步的血管闭塞和缺血。阿司匹林、氯吡格雷（波立维）以及缓释阿司匹林/双嘧达莫（安步乐克）是缺血性和短暂性缺血性卒中二级预防的主要药物。尽管抗血小板药物通过不同机制预防血小板聚集，但最终结果是显著降低了二次卒中、心肌梗死和死亡的风险。越来越多的文献反映了关于阿司匹林和氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗作为卒中高危患者预防措施以及在急性栓塞性缺血性卒中发生后作为治疗方法的潜在效用的假说。
