Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2010 Feb;69(1):86-90. doi: 10.1017/S0029665109991698. Epub 2009 Dec 3.
Epidemiological studies have provided convincing evidence that obesity increases the risk for cancers of the oesophagus (adenocarcinoma), colon, pancreas, breast (post-menopausal), endometrium and kidney. The magnitude of the increase in risk varies between cancer sites. For an increase in BMI of 10 kg/m2 relative risks are approximately 2.3 for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus, 1.5 for colon cancer in men, 1.2 for colon cancer in women, 1.4 for post-menopausal breast cancer, 2.9 for endometrial cancer and >1.5 for kidney cancer, while the size of the effect on cancer of the pancreas is uncertain. There is also evidence that obesity increases the risks for cancers of the gallbladder, malignant melanoma, ovary, thyroid, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma and leukaemia. Estimates of the percentage of cancers that can be attributed to excess body weight suggest that in the UK and similar countries approximately 5% of all cancers are attributable to overweight and obesity.
流行病学研究提供了令人信服的证据表明，肥胖会增加食管癌（腺癌）、结肠癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌（绝经后）、子宫内膜癌和肾癌的风险。风险增加的幅度因癌症部位而异。对于 BMI 增加 10kg/m2，相对风险分别为食管腺癌的 2.3、男性结肠癌的 1.5、女性结肠癌的 1.2、绝经后乳腺癌的 1.4、子宫内膜癌的 2.9 和肾癌的>1.5，而对胰腺癌的影响大小尚不确定。也有证据表明，肥胖会增加胆囊癌、恶性黑色素瘤、卵巢癌、甲状腺癌、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤和白血病的风险。估计可归因于超重和肥胖的癌症比例表明，在英国和类似国家，约 5%的癌症可归因于超重和肥胖。
