USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2009 Nov;46(6):1299-302. doi: 10.1603/033.046.0607.
Female engorgement weight, oviposition, and molting times of larvae and nymphs of Amblyomma maculatum Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) were studied at various photoperiods under constant humidity and temperature in the laboratory. Ticks were held at photoperiods of 0:24, 10:14, 12:12, or 14:10 (L:D) h from egg through unfed nymphal stage and then at either the same or a different regime from fed nymphs to adults. No significant effects were observed on oviposition, female engorgement weights, survival, or molting time to unfed nymphs. Nymphal molting times were significantly shorter at the short-day regime (10:14) during the larval stage and 12:12 during the nymphal stage compared with those held at either 14:10 during both life periods or at 0:24 during both life periods. Longer molting times also were observed in ticks held at 12:12 during the larval phase and either 10:14, 12:12, or 0:24 during the nymphal phase compared with 14:10 during both life periods or 0:24 during both life periods. Ticks held at 10:14 during the larval phase and at 0:24 or 10:14 had longer molting times compared with those at 14:10 or 0:24 during both life periods. No differences in survival to either nymphal or adult stages were observed at any regime, and at day 25 no individuals were observed to be in developmental diapause. This study demonstrates that developmental diapause does not seem to be photoperiodically induced in fed nymphal A. maculatum in the laboratory.
在实验室恒定湿度和温度条件下，研究了不同光照周期对美洲钝缘蜱（蜱螨目：硬蜱科）雌蜱吸血量、产卵、幼虫和若虫蜕皮的影响。将蜱从卵期到未吸血若虫期保持在光照周期为 0:24、10:14、12:12 或 14:10（L:D）小时，然后在相同或不同的光照周期下从吸血若虫到成虫。产卵、雌蜱吸血量、存活率或未吸血若虫蜕皮时间均未观察到显著影响。与在两个生命阶段均保持在 14:10 或在两个生命阶段均保持在 0:24 相比，幼虫期的短日照（10:14）和若虫期的 12:12 时，若虫蜕皮时间显著缩短。与在两个生命阶段均保持在 14:10 或在两个生命阶段均保持在 0:24 相比，在幼虫期保持在 12:12 或在若虫期保持在 10:14、12:12 或 0:24 时，蜕皮时间也较长。与在两个生命阶段均保持在 14:10 或在两个生命阶段均保持在 0:24 相比，在幼虫期保持在 10:14 而在若虫期保持在 0:24 或 10:14 时，蜕皮时间较长。在任何光照周期下，未观察到存活率在若虫或成虫阶段的差异，在第 25 天也没有观察到个体处于发育滞育状态。本研究表明，在实验室中，食血若虫美洲钝缘蜱的发育滞育似乎不受光照周期的诱导。
