Segal Daniel L, Needham Tracy N, Coolidge Frederick L
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, CO 80933-7150, USA.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2009;69(2):119-32. doi: 10.2190/AG.69.2.c.
The attachment patterns of younger and older adults were studied using two-dimensional self-report measures of adult attachment. Community-dwelling younger (n = 144, M = 22.5 years, SD = 3.6) and older (n = 106, M = 68.6 years, SD = 8.3) adults completed the Measure of Attachment Qualities (MAQ; Carver, 1997) and the Relationship Style Questionnaire (RSQ; Griffin & Bartholomew, 1994). Although the MAQ and RSQ are believed to be measuring similar constructs, they are derived from different theoretical perspectives. Correlations between the two measures were in the expected directions proving modest evidence for their convergent validity. Regarding cross-sectional results, as was expected, older adults scored lower than younger adults on the ambivalent-worry attachment scale of the MAQ and the preoccupied attachment scale of the RSQ. There were no age differences regarding secure, avoidant, and dismissing attachment. It appears that older adults experience anxious types of attachment less frequently than younger adults. Although these results primarily speak to age differences and possible cohort effects, they also provide some support for socioemotional selectivity theory and its hypothesized improved relationships in later life.
使用成人依恋的二维自我报告测量方法，对年轻人和老年人的依恋模式进行了研究。居住在社区的年轻人（n = 144，M = 22.5岁，SD = 3.6）和老年人（n = 106，M = 68.6岁，SD = 8.3）完成了依恋质量量表（MAQ；卡弗，1997年）和关系风格问卷（RSQ；格里芬和巴塞洛缪，1994年）。尽管MAQ和RSQ被认为测量的是相似的结构，但它们源自不同的理论视角。两种测量方法之间的相关性呈预期方向，为它们的收敛效度提供了适度的证据。关于横断面结果，正如预期的那样，老年人在MAQ的矛盾-担忧依恋量表和RSQ的痴迷依恋量表上的得分低于年轻人。在安全型、回避型和冷漠型依恋方面没有年龄差异。似乎老年人比年轻人更少经历焦虑型依恋。尽管这些结果主要说明了年龄差异和可能的群体效应，但它们也为社会情感选择性理论及其假设的晚年改善关系提供了一些支持。
