历史、法律和政策是美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民儿童医疗保健服务的基础。

History, law, and policy as a foundation for health care delivery for American Indian and Alaska native children.

作者信息

Thierry Judith, Brenneman George, Rhoades Everett, Chilton Lance

机构信息

Office of Clinical and Preventive Services, Indian Health Service, 801 Thompson Avenue, Suite 300, Room 313, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.

出版信息

Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009 Dec;56(6):1539-59. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2009.09.018.

DOI:10.1016/j.pcl.2009.09.018

PMID:19962035

Abstract

Most American Indian and Alaska Native Children (AIAN) receive health care that is based on the unique historical legacy of tribal treaty obligations and a trust relationship of sovereign nation to sovereign nation. From colonial America to the early 21st century, the wellbeing of AIAN children has been impacted as federal laws were crafted for the health, education and wellbeing of its AIAN citizens. Important public laws are addressed in this article, highlighting the development of the Indian Health Service (IHS), a federal agency designed to provide comprehensive clinical and public health services to citizens of federally recognized tribes. The context during which various acts were made into law are described to note the times during which the policy making process took place. Policies internal and external to the IHS are summarized, widening the lens spanning the past 200 years and into the future of these first nations' youngest members.

摘要

大多数美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民儿童（AIAN）接受的医疗保健是基于部落条约义务的独特历史遗产以及主权国家与主权国家之间的信托关系。从殖民时期的美国到21世纪初，随着联邦法律为其AIAN公民的健康、教育和福祉而制定，AIAN儿童的福祉受到了影响。本文论述了重要的公共法律，重点介绍了印第安卫生服务局（IHS）的发展，这是一个旨在为联邦认可部落的公民提供全面临床和公共卫生服务的联邦机构。文中描述了各项法案成为法律时的背景情况，以说明政策制定过程所处的时代。总结了IHS内部和外部的政策，将视角拓宽至过去200年，并展望这些原住民最年轻成员的未来。