Brattebø G, Wisborg T, Mellesmo S
Anestesiavd Hammerfest sykehus.
Nord Med. 1991;106(1):13-5.
One of the major challenges in the initial treatment of critically ill or injured patients is the establishment of a well functioning intravenous access. This can be very difficult in patients with circulatory collapse, and almost impossible in infants. Central venous cannulation is time-consuming and requires skill. Nor can intratracheal and rectal administration of drugs and fluids fully replace the intravascular route. In such situations the old but forgotten technique of intraosseous infusion represents an elegant and easy way of gaining rapid intravascular access. The method is simple, safe and almost foolproof, and can easily be performed under field conditions, e.g. by paramedical personnel. Very few contra indications exist, and the success rate even by untrained personnel is high. In this review the physiological aspects and the technique itself is discussed and illustrated by case reports.
危重症或受伤患者初始治疗中的主要挑战之一是建立功能良好的静脉通路。这在循环衰竭的患者中可能非常困难，而在婴儿中几乎不可能实现。中心静脉置管耗时且需要技巧。气管内和直肠给药及补液也无法完全替代血管内途径。在这种情况下，古老但被遗忘的骨内输液技术是一种获得快速血管通路的简便方法。该方法简单、安全且几乎万无一失，在现场条件下（如由医护辅助人员操作）很容易实施。几乎没有什么禁忌证，即使是未经培训的人员成功率也很高。在这篇综述中，将通过病例报告对其生理方面及技术本身进行讨论和说明。
