Towards a magnetic localization system for 3-D tracking of tongue movements in speech-language therapy.

This paper presents a new magnetic localization system based on a compact triangular sensor setup and three different optimization algorithms, intended for tracking tongue motion in the 3-D oral space. A small permanent magnet, secured on the tongue by tissue adhesives, will be used as a tracer. The magnetic field variations due to tongue motion are detected by a 3-D magneto-inductive sensor array outside the mouth and wirelessly transmitted to a computer. The position and rotation angles of the tracer are reconstructed based on sensor outputs and magnetic dipole equation using DIRECT, Powell, and Nelder-Mead optimization algorithms. Localization accuracy and processing time of the three algorithms are compared using one data set collected in which source-sensor distance was changed from 40 to 150 mm. Powell algorithm showed the best performance with 0.92 mm accuracy in position and 0.7(o) in orientation. The average processing time was 43.9 ms/sample, which can satisfy real time tracking up to approximately 20 Hz.