Ferreira M N, Rosso S
Departamento de Ecologia, Insituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Braz J Biol. 2009 Nov;69(4):993-9. doi: 10.1590/s1519-69842009000500003.
Increased tourist activity in coastal regions demands management strategies to reduce impacts on rocky shores. The highly populated coastal areas in southeastern Brazil are an example of degradation caused by development of industry and tourism. Among different shore impacts, trampling has been intensively studied, and may represent a significant source of stress for intertidal fauna. A randomised blocks design was applied to experimentally study the effects of two different trampling intensities on richness, diversity, density and biomass of the rocky shore fauna of Obuseiro beach, Guarujá, southeastern Brazil. Blocks were distributed in two portions of the intertidal zone, dominated respectively by Chthamalus bisinuatus (Cirripedia) and Isognomon bicolor (Bivalvia). Blocks were trampled over three months, simulating the vacation period in Brazil and were monitored for the following nine months. Results indicate that Chthamalus bisinuatus is vulnerable to trampling impacts. Richness, diversity and turn-over index tended to be higher in trampled plots four months after trampling ceased. In general, results agree with previous trampling studies, suggesting that even low intensities of trampling may cause some impact on intertidal communities. Management strategies should include isolation of sensitive areas, construction of boardwalks, visitor education and monitoring programmes. In Brazil, additional data obtained from experimental studies are necessary in order to achieve a better understanding of trampling impacts on rocky shore communities.
沿海地区游客活动的增加需要管理策略来减少对岩岸的影响。巴西东南部人口密集的沿海地区就是工业和旅游业发展导致环境退化的一个例子。在不同的海岸影响因素中，践踏受到了深入研究，它可能是潮间带动物面临的一个重要压力源。采用随机区组设计，对巴西东南部瓜鲁雅奥布塞罗海滩岩岸动物群的丰富度、多样性、密度和生物量在两种不同践踏强度下的影响进行了实验研究。试验区分布在潮间带的两个区域，分别以双凹藤壶（蔓足亚纲）和双色异齿蛤（双壳纲）为主。试验区经过三个月的践踏，模拟巴西的假期，随后进行九个月的监测。结果表明，双凹藤壶易受践踏影响。践踏停止四个月后，践踏区的丰富度、多样性和周转率指数往往更高。总体而言，结果与之前的践踏研究一致，表明即使是低强度的践踏也可能对潮间带群落造成一定影响。管理策略应包括隔离敏感区域、建造木板路、对游客进行教育以及开展监测项目。在巴西，为了更好地了解践踏对岩岸群落的影响，有必要从实验研究中获取更多数据。
