Department of Urology, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road 3204 MERF, Iowa City, IA 52242-1089, USA.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2009 Dec;28(3-4):345-53. doi: 10.1007/s10555-009-9195-6.
Intravesical Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy is a highly effective treatment for carcinoma in situ of the bladder, as well as high-risk nonmuscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Despite over 30 years of clinical experience with BCG, the therapy's mechanism has remained enigmatic. Observations regarding the role of neutrophils in BCG immunotherapy have led to exciting discoveries regarding the potential role of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in creating the therapeutic benefit of BCG immunotherapy. In this paper, we will review the scope of the disease, highlight our understanding of the role for BCG in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, explain the recent discoveries regarding the role of neutrophils and TRAIL in therapy, and theorize on potential future areas of research.
膀胱内分枝杆菌牛型卡介苗（BCG）免疫疗法是一种治疗膀胱癌原位癌以及高危非肌肉浸润性膀胱癌的有效方法。尽管卡介苗的临床应用已经超过 30 年，但该疗法的作用机制仍然难以捉摸。有关中性粒细胞在卡介苗免疫治疗中的作用的观察结果，促使人们对肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）在创造卡介苗免疫治疗的治疗益处方面的潜在作用有了令人兴奋的发现。在本文中，我们将回顾疾病的范围，强调我们对卡介苗在膀胱癌中的作用的理解，解释中性粒细胞和 TRAIL 在治疗中的作用的最新发现，并对潜在的未来研究领域进行推测。
