Tampere University of Technology, Physics Department, Aerosol Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Dec 15;43(24):9501-6. doi: 10.1021/es9013807.
We have studied the effect of three different fuels (fossil diesel fuel (EN590); rapeseed methyl ester (RME); and synthetic gas-to-liquid (GTL)) on heavy-duty diesel engine emissions. Our main focus was on nanoparticle emissions of the engine. Our results show that the particle emissions from a modern diesel engine run with EN590, GTL, or RME consisted of two partly nonvolatile modes that were clearly separated in particle size. The concentration and geometric mean diameter of nonvolatile nucleation mode cores measured with RME were substantially greater than with the other fuels. The soot particle concentration and soot particle size were lowest with RME. With EN590 and GTL, a similar engine load dependence of the nonvolatile nucleation mode particle size and concentration imply a similar formation mechanism of the particles. For RME, the nonvolatile core particle size was larger and the concentration dependence on engine load was clearly different from that of EN590 and GTL. This indicates that the formation mechanism of the core particles is different for RME. This can be explained by differences in the fuel characteristics.
我们研究了三种不同燃料（化石柴油（EN590）；菜籽油甲酯（RME）；和合成气-to-liquid（GTL））对重型柴油机排放的影响。我们的主要重点是发动机的纳米颗粒排放。我们的结果表明，用 EN590、GTL 或 RME 运行的现代柴油机的颗粒排放由两个部分非挥发性模式组成，这些模式在粒径上明显分开。用 RME 测量的非挥发性成核模式核心的浓度和几何平均值直径大大大于其他燃料。RME 的烟尘颗粒浓度和烟尘颗粒尺寸最低。对于 EN590 和 GTL，非挥发性成核模式颗粒尺寸和浓度对发动机负荷的类似依赖性表明颗粒的形成机制类似。对于 RME，非挥发性核心颗粒尺寸较大，并且对发动机负荷的浓度依赖性与 EN590 和 GTL 明显不同。这表明 RME 的核心颗粒形成机制不同。这可以用燃料特性的差异来解释。
