Measurements and inversion of acoustic scattering from suspensions having broad size distributions.

Measurements are presented from a multi-frequency acoustic backscatter study of aqueous suspensions of irregularly shaped quartz sediments having broad particle size distributions. Using the backscattered sound from a homogenous suspension, measurements of the ensemble backscatter form function and ensemble normalized total scattering cross section were obtained. Three different size distribution types are examined; namely Gaussian, log-normal, and bi-modal distributions, each covering a range of particle sizes similar to those observed in sandy marine environments near the seabed. The measurements of ensemble scattering are compared with theoretical predictions, derived by integrating the intrinsic scattering properties of the sediments over the probability density functions of the size distributions used in the present study. The results show that the ensemble scattering parameters are significant functions of both the width and type of size distribution in suspension. The impact of errors in size distribution width on inversion predictions of both mean size and suspended concentration is also examined. The validity of the theoretical predictions is discussed, along with the implication of the inversion results for using acoustic backscatter data to measure suspended concentration and particle size in sandy marine environments.