Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Hospital de S. João, Porto, Portugal.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010 Jul;24(7):820-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03533.x. Epub 2009 Dec 11.
The amount of available information on the prevalence and incidence of candida balanitis is still surprisingly scarce.
To determine the prevalence of candida colonization and candida balanitis in men attending a Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) clinic. To identify risk factors associated with candida balanitis.
During a 36-month period, a cross-sectional study was carried out on consecutive men attendees of the STD clinic in Hospital S. João, Porto. Clinical and epidemiological data were recorded. Specimen collection from the glans penis and the coronal sulcus followed two procedures: a cotton tipped swab and the direct impression on the surface of CHROMagar Candida medium. Risk factors were considered singly and in combination through logistic regression models.
Among 478 men enrolled, the prevalence of candida colonization was 26.2% and the prevalence of candida balanitis was 18%. Candida colonization was strongly associated with an age above 60 years (OR = 3.375; 95% CI: 1.547-7.362) and with the presence of other cause of balanitis apart from Candida organisms (OR: 2.466; 95% CI: 1.491-4.078). An age above 40 years (OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.005-4.500), diabetes mellitus (OR: 19.390; 95% CI: 7.789-48.273) and more than ten candida colonies recovered by culture (OR: 9.586; 95% CI: 2.682-34.263) were risk factors for candida balanitis.
This study highlights the impact of factors other than sexual behaviours upon the epidemiology of this infection. For both candida colonization and infection, age was an important risk factor. Diabetes mellitus was an independent risk factor for candida balanitis. More than ten colonies recovered from culture are associated with clinical signs and symptoms.
关于念珠菌性包皮炎的流行率和发病率的信息仍然非常有限。
确定在性传播疾病（STD）诊所就诊的男性中念珠菌定植和念珠菌性包皮炎的流行率。确定与念珠菌性包皮炎相关的危险因素。
在 36 个月的时间里，对波尔图圣若昂医院 STD 诊所的连续男性就诊者进行了横断面研究。记录临床和流行病学数据。从龟头和冠状沟采集标本，采用两种方法：棉拭子和直接在 CHROMagar Candida 培养基表面压印。通过逻辑回归模型单独和组合考虑危险因素。
在纳入的 478 名男性中，念珠菌定植率为 26.2%，念珠菌性包皮炎的患病率为 18%。念珠菌定植与年龄大于 60 岁（OR=3.375；95%CI：1.547-7.362）和除念珠菌以外的其他原因引起的包皮炎（OR：2.466；95%CI：1.491-4.078）密切相关。年龄大于 40 岁（OR：2.27；95%CI：1.005-4.500）、糖尿病（OR：19.390；95%CI：7.789-48.273）和培养物中回收的念珠菌超过 10 个（OR：9.586；95%CI：2.682-34.263）是念珠菌性包皮炎的危险因素。
本研究强调了性行为以外的因素对感染流行率的影响。对于念珠菌定植和感染，年龄是一个重要的危险因素。糖尿病是念珠菌性包皮炎的独立危险因素。从培养物中回收的超过 10 个菌落与临床症状和体征相关。
