Smrcina C M
Shriners Hospital for Crippled Children, Chicago Unit, Illinois 60635.
Nurs Clin North Am. 1991 Mar;26(1):159-66.
Most stress fractures are preventable. Proper conditioning and preseason training is essential. Selection of the appropriate age-related sport must be taken into consideration. Adequate warm-up and cool-down is important to prevent muscle injuries that may contribute to stress fractures later on. The athlete should be aware of not "over-doing it" because fatigue is a contributing factor to the stress injury rate. Proper dress and equipment are necessary. Using the basic methods of prevention, along with good sportsmanship, safe participation in any sport may be anticipated. Because the demands and expectations of our high-performance athletes are more prevalent, education and rehabilitation of the sports-injured patient have become ever important. With the emergence of sports medicine as a discipline, injured athletes are returned to the playing arenas much more rapidly with newer protocols and techniques. We must be ready rapidly to assess, diagnose, and treat all sports injuries; however, we must be aware and alert to the possibility that it is an injury of "wear and tear" when making any diagnosis and prescribing any treatment regime.
大多数应力性骨折是可以预防的。适当的身体状况调整和赛季前训练至关重要。必须考虑选择适合年龄的运动项目。充分的热身和放松对于预防可能导致后期应力性骨折的肌肉损伤很重要。运动员应该意识到不要“过度训练”，因为疲劳是导致应力性损伤发生率的一个因素。合适的着装和装备是必要的。运用基本的预防方法，再加上良好的体育道德，有望安全地参与任何运动。由于我们高水平运动员的需求和期望更为普遍，对运动损伤患者的教育和康复变得愈发重要。随着运动医学作为一门学科的出现，采用更新的方案和技术，受伤的运动员能更快地重返赛场。我们必须随时准备好快速评估、诊断和治疗所有运动损伤；然而，在进行任何诊断和制定任何治疗方案时，我们必须意识到并警惕这可能是一种“磨损性”损伤。
