Binelli Mario, Murphy Bruce D
College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil.
Reprod Fertil Dev. 2010;22(1):1-12. doi: 10.1071/RD09218.
The continuum of folliculogenesis begins in the fetal ovary with the differentiation of the oogonia and their isolation within the primordial follicles. Primordial follicle activation is an enigmatic process, whereby some follicles enter the growing pool to become primary follicles, thereby embarking on an irreversible progression towards ovulation or atresia. This process is under the coordinated regulation of factors from the oocyte itself, as well as from the somatic cells of the ovary, in particular the theca and granulosa cells, which are structural components of the follicle. These two influences provide the principal stimuli for the growth of the follicle to the late preantral or early antral stage of development. The endocrine effects of the gonadotrophins FSH and LH are essential to the continued progression of the follicle and most atresia can be attributed to the failure to receive or process the gonadotrophin signals. The peri-ovulatory state has received intensive investigation recently, demonstrating a coordinated role for gonadotrophins, steroids, epidermal growth factor family proteins and prostaglandins. Thus, a complex programme of coordinated interaction of governing elements from both germ and somatic cell sources is required for successful follicle development.
卵泡发生的连续过程始于胎儿卵巢中卵原细胞的分化及其在原始卵泡中的隔离。原始卵泡激活是一个神秘的过程，在此过程中，一些卵泡进入生长池成为初级卵泡，从而开始朝着排卵或闭锁的不可逆进程发展。这个过程受到来自卵母细胞本身以及卵巢体细胞（特别是卵泡的结构成分——卵泡膜细胞和颗粒细胞）的因子的协同调节。这两种影响为卵泡生长到发育的晚期窦前期或早期窦状期提供了主要刺激。促性腺激素FSH和LH的内分泌作用对于卵泡的持续发育至关重要，大多数闭锁可归因于未能接收或处理促性腺激素信号。最近对排卵周围状态进行了深入研究，结果表明促性腺激素、类固醇、表皮生长因子家族蛋白和前列腺素发挥着协同作用。因此，成功的卵泡发育需要生殖细胞和体细胞来源的调控元件进行复杂的协调相互作用程序。
