Dept. of Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Feb;48(2):453-64. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.049. Epub 2009 Dec 11.
Genetically modified (GM) plants aimed at producing food/feed are part of regular agriculture in many areas of the World. Commodity plants have also found application as bioreactors, designated non-food/non-feed GM (NFGM) plants, thereby making raw material for further refinement to industrial, diagnostic or pharmaceutical preparations. Many among them may pose health challenge to consumers or livestock animals, if occurring in food/feed. NFGM plants are typically released into the environment, but are grown under special oversight and any among several containment practices, none of which provide full protection against accidental dispersal. Adventitious admixture with food or feed can occur either through distributional mismanagement or as a consequence of gene flow to plant relatives. To facilitate NFGM surveillance we propose a new mandatory tagging of essentially all such plants, prior to cultivation or marketing in the European Union. The suggested tag--Plant-Made Industrial or Pharmaceutical Products Tag (PMIP-T)--is envisaged to occur as a transgenic silent DNA identifier in host plants and designed to enable technically simple identification and characterisation of any NFGM. Implementation of PMIP-T would permit inexpensive, reliable and high-throughput screening for NFGM specifically. The paper outlines key NFGM prospects and challenges as well as the PMIP-T concept.
旨在生产食品/饲料的转基因（GM）植物是世界许多地区常规农业的一部分。商品植物也被用作生物反应器，即指定的非食品/非饲料转基因（NFGM）植物，从而为进一步提炼为工业、诊断或药物制剂提供原材料。如果出现在食品/饲料中，其中许多可能对消费者或牲畜动物构成健康挑战。NFGM 植物通常被释放到环境中，但在特殊的监督下生长，并采用几种隔离措施中的任何一种，这些措施都不能提供完全防止意外扩散的保护。偶然与食品或饲料混合可能是由于分配管理不善，也可能是由于基因流向植物亲属。为了便于 NFGM 监测，我们建议在欧盟种植或销售之前，对所有此类植物进行强制性标记。建议的标记--植物制造的工业或药物产品标记（PMIP-T）--被设想为在宿主植物中作为转基因沉默 DNA 标识符出现，并旨在实现对任何 NFGM 的技术简单识别和特征描述。PMIP-T 的实施将允许专门进行 NFGM 的廉价、可靠和高通量筛选。本文概述了 NFGM 的主要前景和挑战以及 PMIP-T 概念。
