Citiulo Francesco, Crosatti Cristina, Cattivelli Luigi, Biselli Chiara
GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Sep 2;10(9):1828. doi: 10.3390/plants10091828.
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the value of technologies that allow a fast setup and production of biopharmaceuticals in emergency situations. The plant factory system can provide a fast response to epidemics/pandemics. Thanks to their scalability and genome plasticity, plants represent advantageous platforms to produce vaccines. Plant systems imply less complicated production processes and quality controls with respect to mammalian and bacterial cells. The expression of vaccines in plants is based on transient or stable transformation systems and the recent progresses in genome editing techniques, based on the CRISPR/Cas method, allow the manipulation of DNA in an efficient, fast, and easy way by introducing specific modifications in specific sites of a genome. Nonetheless, CRISPR/Cas is far away from being fully exploited for vaccine expression in plants. In this review, an overview of the potential conjugation of the renewed vaccine technologies (i.e., virus-like particles-VLPs, and industrialization of the production process) with genome editing to produce vaccines in plants is reported, illustrating the potential advantages in the standardization of the plant platforms, with the overtaking of constancy of large-scale production challenges, facilitating regulatory requirements and expediting the release and commercialization of the vaccine products of genome edited plants.
最近的新冠疫情凸显了在紧急情况下能够快速建立生物制药生产的技术的价值。植物工厂系统能够对流行病/大流行做出快速反应。由于其可扩展性和基因组可塑性，植物是生产疫苗的有利平台。与哺乳动物和细菌细胞相比，植物系统意味着生产过程和质量控制不那么复杂。植物中疫苗的表达基于瞬时或稳定转化系统，基于CRISPR/Cas方法的基因组编辑技术的最新进展，通过在基因组的特定位点引入特定修饰，能够以高效、快速且简便的方式操纵DNA。尽管如此，CRISPR/Cas在植物疫苗表达方面远未得到充分利用。本综述报道了新型疫苗技术（即病毒样颗粒-VLPs）与生产过程工业化与基因组编辑相结合以在植物中生产疫苗的潜在情况，阐明了在植物平台标准化方面的潜在优势，克服大规模生产稳定性挑战，便利监管要求并加速基因组编辑植物疫苗产品的发布和商业化。
