Evitts Paul M, Portugal Lindsay, Van Dine Ami, Holler Aline
Department of Audiology, Speech-Language Pathology and Deaf Studies, Towson University, Towson, MD, United States.
J Commun Disord. 2010 Mar-Apr;43(2):92-104. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2009.10.002. Epub 2009 Nov 17.
There is minimal research on the contribution of visual information on speech intelligibility for individuals with a laryngectomy (IWL).
The purpose of this project was to determine the effects of mode of presentation (audio-only, audio-visual) on alaryngeal speech intelligibility.
Twenty-three naïve listeners were randomly presented 176 phonemically balanced sentences produced by three alaryngeal (tracheoesophageal, esophageal, electrolaryngeal) and one typical, laryngeal speaker in both audio-only and audio-visual modes of presentation.
Overall, results showed a small (3%) but statistically significant higher speech intelligibility score for audio-visual stimuli compared to audio-only stimuli as well as a significant interaction effect between mode of speech and mode of presentation. Within mode of speech, electrolaryngeal speech was the only mode that benefited significantly from the inclusion of visual information (10% increase). Overall intelligibility showed similar patterns both within audio-only and audio-visual modes of presentation: typical laryngeal and tracheoesophageal speech modes were significantly more intelligible than both esophageal and electrolaryngeal.
Results suggest that listeners may benefit more from visual information from speakers with poor baseline speech intelligibility. Results also show similar intelligibility between typical, laryngeal and tracheoesophageal modes of speech. Results should be interpreted with caution, however, as only one speaker from each mode of speech was included. Further research is required to determine the nature of the increase.
Readers will (1) increase their understanding of the potential impact of visual information in the perception of alaryngeal speech; (2) identify potential factors that may augment or hinder speech perception; and (3) discuss how individual modes of alaryngeal speech may be affected by audio-visual information.
关于视觉信息对喉切除患者言语可懂度的贡献的研究极少。
本项目的目的是确定呈现方式（仅音频、视听）对无喉言语可懂度的影响。
23名未受过训练的听众被随机呈现由三名无喉（气管食管发音、食管发音、电子喉发音）和一名典型喉发音者以仅音频和视听两种呈现方式说出的176个音素平衡的句子。
总体而言，结果显示，与仅音频刺激相比，视听刺激的言语可懂度得分虽小（3%）但具有统计学意义的更高，并且言语模式和呈现方式之间存在显著的交互作用。在言语模式中，电子喉言语是唯一从包含视觉信息中显著受益的模式（提高了10%）。在仅音频和视听呈现方式中，总体可懂度都呈现出相似的模式：典型喉发音和气管食管发音模式比食管发音和电子喉发音模式的可懂度显著更高。
结果表明，对于基线言语可懂度较差的说话者，听众可能从视觉信息中受益更多。结果还显示典型喉发音和气管食管发音模式之间的可懂度相似。然而，由于每种言语模式仅纳入了一名说话者，因此结果应谨慎解释。需要进一步研究以确定提高的性质。
读者将（1）增强对视觉信息在无喉言语感知中的潜在影响的理解；（2）识别可能增强或阻碍言语感知的潜在因素；以及（3）讨论无喉言语的各个模式可能如何受到视听信息的影响。
