CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2010 Dec;64(12):1094-9. doi: 10.1136/jech.2009.092593. Epub 2009 Dec 11.
Monitoring iodine status during pregnancy is essential to prevent iodine-related disorders. The objectives of this study are to estimate iodine intake and excretion, to assess their association and to evaluate the compliance of the recommendations in a multicentre cohort of pregnant women.
Cross-sectional data on maternal iodine nutritional status, compiled between weeks 8 and 22 of gestation in three Spanish areas (Valencia, Gipuzkoa and Sabadell), were analysed. Information on iodine intake from diet, salt and supplements was estimated through questionnaires. Spot urine samples were analysed for urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Tobit regression analysis was used to assess the association between iodine intake and UIC.
1522 women were included in the study. Median UIC was 134 (IQR 80-218) μg/l in Valencia, 168 (IQR 108-272) μg/l in Gipuzkoa and 94 (IQR 57-151) μg/l in Sabadell. 48.9% of Valencian women consumed iodine supplements, 93.3% in Gipuzkoa and 11.0% in Sabadell. Prevalence of iodised salt consumption was 50.5% in the whole sample. UIC was associated with intake of supplements, iodised salt, dietary iodine and water. UIC levels were lower than expected according to the estimated iodine intake.
Median UIC reflected iodine deficiency according to WHO reference levels, except in Gipuzkoa where supplements are widely consumed. It is necessary to strengthen iodised salt consumption since it is already far from the objective proposed of coverage of 90% of households. More data would be valuable to assess the correspondence between iodine intake and excretion during pregnancy.
监测孕期碘状况对于预防与碘相关的疾病至关重要。本研究的目的是评估孕妇碘摄入量和排泄量，评估两者之间的关系，并评价在一个多中心孕妇队列中建议的依从性。
分析了西班牙三个地区（瓦伦西亚、吉普斯夸和萨瓦德尔）在妊娠 8 至 22 周期间收集的有关孕妇碘营养状况的横断面数据。通过问卷评估了饮食、盐和补充剂中碘的摄入量。对随机尿样进行了尿碘浓度（UIC）分析。采用 Tobit 回归分析评估了碘摄入量与 UIC 之间的关系。
本研究共纳入 1522 名女性。瓦伦西亚、吉普斯夸和萨瓦德尔的 UIC 中位数分别为 134（IQR 80-218）μg/l、168（IQR 108-272）μg/l 和 94（IQR 57-151）μg/l。48.9%的瓦伦西亚女性服用碘补充剂，93.3%的吉普斯夸女性服用，而 11.0%的萨瓦德尔女性服用。整个样本中碘盐的食用率为 50.5%。UIC 与补充剂、碘盐、膳食碘和水的摄入量有关。UIC 水平低于根据估计的碘摄入量所预期的水平。
除了补充剂广泛使用的吉普斯夸外，UIC 中位数反映了按世卫组织参考水平衡量的碘缺乏，除了吉普斯夸。有必要加强碘盐的消费，因为它已经远远偏离了覆盖 90%家庭的目标。为了评估孕期碘摄入量和排泄量之间的一致性，需要更多的数据。
