Minton Mary E, Hertzog Melody, Barron Cecilia R, French Jeffrey A, Reiter-Palmon Roni
South Dakota State University, USA.
West J Nurs Res. 2009 Dec;31(8):1035-56. doi: 10.1177/0193945909339497.
The first anniversary for older widows (n = 47) has been explored during Months 11, 12, and 13. Concurrent correlations show that optimism inversely correlates with psychological (intrusion and avoidance) stress as measured with the Impact of Event Scale (r = -.52 to -.66, p < .005) and positively correlates with well-being (physical: r = .36 to .46, p < .025; psychosocial: r = .58 to .72, p < .005; spiritual: r = .50 to .69, p < .005). Lagged correlation patterns suggest that higher levels of optimism at a given time are associated with higher life satisfaction and spiritual well-being at later times. Psychological stress is higher at Month 12 when compared to Month 13, t(43) = 2.54, p = .01, but not when compared to Month 11, t(43) = 1.49, p > .10. There are no significant differences in physiologic stress (salivary cortisol) or well-being during the first anniversary of spousal bereavement.
在第11、12和13个月期间，对47名老年寡妇的一周年情况进行了研究。同时相关性分析表明，乐观情绪与用事件影响量表测量的心理（侵入和回避）压力呈负相关（r = -0.52至-0.66，p < 0.005），与幸福感呈正相关（身体方面：r = 0.36至0.46，p < 0.025；心理社会方面：r = 0.58至0.72，p < 0.005；精神方面：r = 0.50至0.69，p < 0.005）。滞后相关模式表明，特定时间较高水平的乐观情绪与后期较高的生活满意度和精神幸福感相关。与第13个月相比，第12个月的心理压力更高，t(43) = 2.54，p = 0.01，但与第11个月相比则不然，t(43) = 1.49，p > 0.10。在配偶丧亲一周年期间，生理压力（唾液皮质醇）或幸福感没有显著差异。
