Biochemical, cytotoxic and pharmacokinetic properties of an immunotoxin composed of a mouse monoclonal antibody Fib75 and the ribosome-inactivating protein alpha-sarcin from Aspergillus giganteus.

An immunotoxin was synthesized by the attachment of alpha-sarcin, the ribosome-inactivating protein derived from the mould Aspergillus giganteus, to a monoclonal mouse IgG2 antibody Fib75. The alpha-sarcin immunotoxin exerted toxic effects in tissue culture against the EJ human bladder carcinoma cell line, expressing the antigen recognised by the Fib75 antibody, inhibiting the incorporation of [3H]leucine by 50% at a concentration of 0.46 nM. The cytotoxic effects of the alpha-sarcin immunotoxin were indistinguishable from those of a Fib75 immunotoxin made with ricin A chain. Fib75-alpha-sarcin was cleared from the circulation of the rat with biphasic kinetics following intravenous administration. The alpha- and beta-phase half-lives were 0.8 h and 6 h, respectively, similar to the serum half-lives of analogous Fib75 immunotoxins made with ribosome-inactivating proteins derived from plants. alpha-Sarcin was completely stable in physiological saline buffer at 37 degrees C, whereas the ribosome-inactivating activity of ricin A chain was gradually lost under identical conditions. alpha-Sarcin may be a valuable alternative to ricin A chain for the construction of therapeutic immunotoxins because of its smaller size and greater thermostability.