Condino Melrose P, Suzuki Kazuyuki, Taguchi Kiyoshi
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2010 Jan;37(1):70-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00494.x.
To evaluate the antinociceptive, sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of subarachnoid and epidural administration of xylazine-lidocaine in xylazine-sedated calves.
Prospective, crossover study.
Six clinically healthy Holstein calves.
The calves were allocated randomly to receive two treatments, subarachnoid or epidural xylazine (0.025 mg kg(-1))-lidocaine (0.1 mg kg(-1)) diluted to a total volume of 5 mL with physiological saline. Prior to either epidural or subarachnoid injection, sedation was induced in all calves by intravenous administration of 0.1 mg kg(-1) xylazine. The quality and duration of antinociception and sedation were monitored. Areas of the cranial abdomen, umbilicus, and caudal abdomen were evaluated for antinociception using pinprick tests with a scoring system of 0-3 (0, none; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, complete). Sedation was assessed by using a 4-point scale (0, none; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, deep). The following cardiopulmonary variables were monitored: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f(R)), mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood pH, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO(2)), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO(2)), bicarbonate (HCO(3)), base excess (BE), and oxygen saturation (SaO(2)).
Xylazine sedation and subarachnoid xylazine-lidocaine resulted in significantly higher nociceptive block than the epidural technique. Moreover, subarachnoid xylazine-lidocaine induced a significantly longer duration of complete antinociception (median [IQR]) in the cranial abdomen (15.0 [15.0-30.0] versus 7.5 [1.3-10.0] minutes; p < 0.05) and umbilicus (45.0 [32.5-57.5] versus 10.0 [6.3-17.5] minutes; p < 0.05) compared with epidural xylazine-lidocaine. There was moderate sedation with both techniques. In both treatments, blood pH, MAP and PaO(2) decreased significantly, and PaCO(2) increased significantly during anaesthesia. No change was evident in HR, f(R), HCO(3,) BE, or SaO(2).
The subarachnoid injection provided better quality and longer duration of antinociception than epidural administration of the same doses of xylazine-lidocaine in xylazine-sedated calves, while cardiopulmonary depressant effects were observed with both regimens.
评估在使用赛拉嗪镇静的犊牛中，蛛网膜下腔和硬膜外给予赛拉嗪-利多卡因的镇痛、镇静及心肺效应。
前瞻性交叉研究。
6头临床健康的荷斯坦犊牛。
将犊牛随机分配接受两种处理，即蛛网膜下腔或硬膜外给予赛拉嗪（0.025 mg kg⁻¹）-利多卡因（0.1 mg kg⁻¹），用生理盐水稀释至总体积5 mL。在进行硬膜外或蛛网膜下腔注射前，所有犊牛均通过静脉注射0.1 mg kg⁻¹赛拉嗪诱导镇静。监测镇痛和镇静的质量及持续时间。使用针刺试验评估颅腹部、脐部和尾腹部的镇痛情况，评分系统为0 - 3分（0分，无反应；1分，轻度反应；2分，中度反应；3分，完全无反应）。使用4分制评估镇静情况（0分，无镇静；1分，轻度镇静；2分，中度镇静；3分，深度镇静）。监测以下心肺变量：心率（HR）、呼吸频率（f(R)）、平均动脉压（MAP）、血液pH值、动脉血氧分压（PaO₂）、二氧化碳分压（PaCO₂）、碳酸氢盐（HCO₃）、碱剩余（BE）和血氧饱和度（SaO₂）。
赛拉嗪镇静和蛛网膜下腔给予赛拉嗪-利多卡因导致的痛觉阻滞明显高于硬膜外技术。此外，与硬膜外给予赛拉嗪-利多卡因相比，蛛网膜下腔给予赛拉嗪-利多卡因在颅腹部（15.0 [15.0 - 30.0] 分钟对7.5 [1.3 - 10.0] 分钟；p < 0.05）和脐部（45.0 [32.5 - 57.5] 分钟对10.0 [6.3 - 17.5] 分钟；p < 0.05）诱导的完全镇痛持续时间明显更长。两种技术均产生中度镇静。在两种处理中，麻醉期间血液pH值、MAP和PaO₂均显著降低，PaCO₂显著升高。HR、f(R)、HCO₃、BE或SaO₂无明显变化。
在使用赛拉嗪镇静的犊牛中，与硬膜外给予相同剂量的赛拉嗪-利多卡因相比，蛛网膜下腔注射提供了更好的镇痛质量和更长的镇痛持续时间，而两种给药方案均观察到心肺抑制作用。
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