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土著假单胞菌在土壤和小麦根际中的生存及其对植物病原真菌的拮抗活性。

Survival of native Pseudomonas in soil and wheat rhizosphere and antagonist activity against plant pathogenic fungi.

机构信息

Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36-Km 601, CP 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.

出版信息

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2010 Mar;97(3):241-51. doi: 10.1007/s10482-009-9405-9. Epub 2009 Dec 19.

Abstract

Survival of Pseudomonas sp. SF4c and Pseudomonas sp. SF10b (two plant-growth-promoting bacteria isolated from wheat rhizosphere) was investigated in microcosms. Spontaneous rifampicin-resistant mutants derived from these strains (showing both growth rate and viability comparable to the wild-strains) were used to monitor the strains in bulk soil and wheat rhizosphere. Studies were carried out for 60 days in pots containing non-sterile fertilized or non-fertilized soil. The number of viable cells of both mutant strains declined during the first days but then became established in the wheat rhizosphere at an appropriate cell density in both kinds of soil. Survival of the strains was better in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. Finally, the antagonism of Pseudomonas spp. against phytopatogenic fungi was evaluated in vitro. Both strains inhibited the mycelial growth (or the resistance structures) of some of the phytopathogenic fungi tested, though variation in this antagonism was observed in different media. This inhibition could be due to the production of extracellular enzymes, hydrogen cyanide or siderophores, signifying that these microorganisms might be applied in agriculture to minimize the utilization of chemical pesticides and fertilizers.

摘要

在微宇宙中研究了从小麦根际分离得到的植物促生菌假单胞菌 SF4c 和假单胞菌 SF10b(两株)的生存能力。这些菌株自发产生的 rifampicin 抗性突变体(表现出与野生菌株相当的生长速度和活力)被用于监测批量土壤和小麦根际中的菌株。在含有非无菌施肥或未施肥土壤的盆中进行了 60 天的研究。在两种土壤中,两种突变菌株的活菌数在最初几天下降,但随后在小麦根际中以适当的细胞密度建立起来。与根际相比,这些菌株在根际中的存活率更好。最后,评估了假单胞菌对植物病原菌真菌的拮抗作用。两种菌株均抑制了一些测试的植物病原菌真菌的菌丝生长(或抗性结构),尽管在不同的培养基中观察到这种拮抗作用存在差异。这种抑制可能是由于细胞外酶、氢氰酸或铁载体的产生所致,这表明这些微生物可应用于农业中,以尽量减少化学农药和化肥的使用。

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