Chu Tak-Ho, Wu Wutian
Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, SAR, China.
Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 2009 Mar;9(1):40-55. doi: 10.2174/187152409787601914.
Spinal root avulsion injury causes motoneuron death and immediate loss of sensory and motor functions. Surgical intervention such as reimplantation of avulsed root is proven useful to restore neural circuitry of spinal cord and targeted muscles. Yet, additional strategies are required for faster and better functional recovery which is overall unsatisfactory. Accumulating evidences in animal studies, particularly in peripheral nerve injuries, demonstrated the effectiveness of neurotrophic factors in rescuing injured motoneurons and promoting axon regeneration. It is, however, important to recognize the differences between peripheral nerve and avulsion injury. In this review, we will briefly describe the changes in motoneurons after avulsion and provides a comprehensive list of neurotrophic factors which are known to exert neuroprotective effects on motoneurons. We will include recent studies on trophic factors for motoneuron survival and regeneration in peripheral nerve and avulsion injuries. We will also discuss the potential use of trophic factors in the context of avulsion injuries.
脊髓神经根撕脱伤会导致运动神经元死亡，并立即丧失感觉和运动功能。诸如将撕脱的神经根重新植入等手术干预已被证明有助于恢复脊髓和目标肌肉的神经回路。然而，对于总体上并不理想的更快、更好的功能恢复，还需要其他策略。动物研究，尤其是周围神经损伤研究中积累的证据表明，神经营养因子在挽救受损运动神经元和促进轴突再生方面具有有效性。然而，认识到周围神经损伤和撕脱伤之间的差异很重要。在本综述中，我们将简要描述撕脱后运动神经元的变化，并提供已知对运动神经元具有神经保护作用的神经营养因子的综合列表。我们将纳入关于周围神经损伤和撕脱伤中运动神经元存活和再生的营养因子的最新研究。我们还将讨论营养因子在撕脱伤背景下的潜在用途。
