Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA.
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2009 Dec;11(12):707-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00197.x.
Dopamine is an endogenous natriuretic amine that contributes to the maintenance of sodium homeostasis. Deficiencies in the renal production of dopamine and the action of dopamine on renal tubular receptors have been observed in human hypertension and may contribute to salt sensitivity of blood pressure. Ethnic differences in the sodium-to-dopamine relationship may contribute to the higher prevalence of salt sensitivity in blacks. The authors assessed dopaminergic activity in two studies. In the first, daytime and nighttime excretion of sodium and dopamine were compared in 11 black and 17 white normotensive patients. No racial difference in the rate of sodium or dopamine excretion during either period was observed. In the second study, a graded infusion of the dopamine-1 receptor agonist, fenoldopam, was performed in 14 black and 17 white normotensive patients. There was no racial difference in the natriuretic responses. Previously described lower rates of renal free water clearance and potassium excretion in blacks compared with whites were maintained during fenoldopam infusion, suggesting that dopamine is not a mediator of those differences. The authors conclude that there are no race-related differences in dopamine excretion or activity in normotensive patients.
多巴胺是一种内源性的利钠胺，有助于维持钠稳态。在人类高血压中观察到肾脏产生多巴胺的不足和多巴胺对肾小管受体的作用，这可能导致血压对盐的敏感性。钠与多巴胺关系的种族差异可能导致黑人中盐敏感性的患病率更高。作者评估了两项研究中的多巴胺能活性。在第一项研究中，比较了 11 名黑人和 17 名白人正常血压患者白天和夜间的钠和多巴胺排泄。在两个时期，钠或多巴胺排泄的速率均没有种族差异。在第二项研究中，在 14 名黑人和 17 名白人正常血压患者中进行了多巴胺-1 受体激动剂，非诺多泮的分级输注。在盐排泄反应方面，种族间没有差异。在非诺多泮输注期间，黑人的肾游离水清除率和钾排泄率先前描述的较低水平得以维持，这表明多巴胺不是这些差异的介导物。作者得出结论，在正常血压患者中，多巴胺的排泄或活性没有种族相关的差异。
