Department of Natural Sciences, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, AK 99801, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Jul 1;408(15):2985-94. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.038.
This review will summarize the levels of selected current use pesticides (CUPs) that have been identified and reported in Arctic media (i.e. air, water, sediment, and biota) since the year 2000. Almost all of the 10 CUPs (chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, dacthal, diazinon, dicofol, lindane, methoxychlor, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), pentachlorophenol, and trifluralin) examined in the review currently are, or have been, high production volume chemicals i.e. >1M lbs/y in USA or >1000 t/y globally. Characteristic travel distances for the 10 chemicals range from 55 km (methoxychlor) to 12,100 km (PCNB). Surveys and long-term monitoring studies have demonstrated the presence of 9 of the 10 CUPs included in this review in the Arctic environment. Only dicofol has not been reported. The presence of these chemicals has mainly been reported in high volume air samples and in snow from Arctic ice caps and lake catchments. There are many other CUPs registered for use which have not been determined in Arctic environments. The discovery of the CUPs currently measured in the Arctic has been mainly serendipitous, a result of analyzing some samples using the same suite of analytes as used for studies in mid-latitude locations. A more systematic approach is needed to assess whether other CUPs might be accumulating in the arctic and ultimately to assess whether their presence has any significance biologically or results in risks for human consumers.
这篇综述总结了自 2000 年以来在北极环境（即空气、水、沉积物和生物群）中已被识别和报告的当前使用农药（CUPs）的水平。在本综述中检查的 10 种 CUPs（百菌清、毒死蜱、敌敌畏、二嗪农、三氯杀螨醇、林丹、甲氧氯、五氯硝基苯（PCNB）、五氯苯酚和氟乐灵）几乎都是目前或曾经是高产量化学品，即在美国超过 100 万磅/年或在全球超过 1000 吨/年。这 10 种化学物质的特征迁移距离从 55 公里（甲氧氯）到 12100 公里（PCNB）。调查和长期监测研究表明，在北极环境中存在本综述中包含的 10 种 CUPs 中的 9 种。只有三氯杀螨醇尚未被报道。这些化学物质的存在主要在高容量空气样本以及北极冰帽和湖泊集水区的雪中被报告。还有许多其他已注册用于使用但尚未在北极环境中确定的 CUPs。目前在北极地区测量到的 CUPs 的发现主要是偶然的，这是由于使用与中纬度地区研究相同的分析物套件分析了一些样本的结果。需要采用更系统的方法来评估其他 CUPs 是否可能在北极地区积累，最终评估它们的存在是否具有生物学意义或对人类消费者造成风险。
