Institute of Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2010 Aug;17(6):1027-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.11.005. Epub 2009 Nov 18.
Latest environmental regulations require a very deep desulfurization to meet the ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD, 15 ppm sulfur) specifications. Due to the disadvantages of hydrotreating technology on the slashing production conditions, costs and safety as well as environmental protection, the ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAOD) as an alternative technology has been developed. UAOD process selectively oxidizes sulfur in common thiophenes in diesel to sulfoxides and sulfones which can be removed via selective adsorption or extractant. SulphCo has successfully used a 5000 barrel/day mobile "Sonocracking" unit to duplicate on a commercial scale its proprietary process that applies ultrasonics at relatively low temperatures and pressures. The UAOD technology estimate capital costs less than half the cost of a new high-pressure hydrotreater. The physical and chemical mechanisms of UAOD process are illustrated, and the effective factors, such as ultrasonic frequency and power, oxidants, catalysts, phase-transfer agent, extractant and adsorbent, on reaction kinetics and product recovery are discussed in this review.
最新的环境法规要求进行非常深度的脱硫，以满足超低硫柴油 (ULSD，15ppm 硫) 的规格。由于加氢处理技术在削减生产条件、成本和安全以及环境保护方面存在劣势，因此开发了超声辅助氧化脱硫 (UAOD) 作为替代技术。UAOD 工艺选择性地将柴油中常见的噻吩中的硫氧化为亚砜和砜，这些可以通过选择性吸附或萃取剂去除。SulphCo 已成功使用每天 5000 桶的移动“超声裂解”装置在商业规模上复制其专有的工艺，该工艺在相对较低的温度和压力下应用超声波。UAOD 技术的估计资本成本不到新高压加氢处理装置成本的一半。本文综述了 UAOD 工艺的物理化学机制，并讨论了超声频率和功率、氧化剂、催化剂、相转移剂、萃取剂和吸附剂等因素对反应动力学和产物回收的影响。
