Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, and Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Rehabilitation Institute of Quebec, 525 Blvd Wilfrid-Hamel Est, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Phys Ther. 2010 Feb;90(2):240-51. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20090029. Epub 2009 Dec 18.
Over the past 2 decades, much work has been carried out on the use of mental practice through motor imagery for optimizing the retraining of motor function in people with physical disabilities. Although much of the clinical work with mental practice has focused on the retraining of upper-extremity tasks, this article reviews the evidence supporting the potential of motor imagery for retraining gait and tasks involving coordinated lower-limb and body movements. First, motor imagery and mental practice are defined, and evidence from physiological and behavioral studies in healthy individuals supporting the capacity to imagine walking activities through motor imagery is examined. Then the effects of stroke, spinal cord injury, lower-limb amputation, and immobilization on motor imagery ability are discussed. Evidence of brain reorganization in healthy individuals following motor imagery training of dancing and of a foot movement sequence is reviewed, and the effects of mental practice on gait and other tasks involving coordinated lower-limb and body movements in people with stroke and in people with Parkinson disease are examined. Lastly, questions pertaining to clinical assessment of motor imagery ability and training strategies are discussed.
在过去的 20 年中，人们进行了大量的研究，探讨通过运动意象进行心理练习以优化身体残疾者的运动功能再训练。尽管心理练习的大部分临床工作都集中在上肢任务的再训练上，但本文回顾了支持运动意象在重新训练步态和涉及协调下肢和身体运动的任务方面的潜力的证据。首先，定义了运动意象和心理练习，检查了来自健康个体的生理和行为研究的证据，这些证据支持通过运动意象想象行走活动的能力。然后讨论了中风、脊髓损伤、下肢截肢和固定对运动意象能力的影响。回顾了健康个体在跳舞和脚部运动序列的运动意象训练后的大脑重组的证据，以及心理练习对中风患者和帕金森病患者的步态和其他涉及协调下肢和身体运动的任务的影响。最后，讨论了与运动意象能力的临床评估和训练策略相关的问题。
