Gwinn M, Pappaioanou M, George J R, Hannon W H, Wasser S C, Redus M A, Hoff R, Grady G F, Willoughby A, Novello A C
Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
JAMA. 1991 Apr 3;265(13):1704-8.
A national, population-based survey was initiated in 1988 to measure the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women giving birth to infants in the United States. Following standardized procedures, residual dried-blood specimens collected on filter paper for newborn metabolic screening were tested anonymously in state public health laboratories for maternal antibody to HIV. As of September 1990, annual survey data were available from 38 states and the District of Columbia. The highest HIV seroprevalence rates were observed in New York (5.8 per 1000), the District of Columbia (5.5 per 1000), New Jersey (4.9 per 1000), and Florida (4.5 per 1000). Nationwide, an estimated 1.5 per 1000 women giving birth to infants in 1989 were infected with HIV. Assuming a perinatal transmission rate of 30%, we estimate that approximately 1800 newborns acquired HIV infection during one 12-month period. Preventing transmission of HIV infection to women and infants is an urgent public health priority.
1988年启动了一项基于全国人口的调查，以测定在美国生育婴儿的妇女中人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的流行情况。按照标准化程序，在州公共卫生实验室对为新生儿代谢筛查而收集在滤纸上的残留干血标本进行匿名检测，以确定母亲是否有HIV抗体。截至1990年9月，已有来自38个州和哥伦比亚特区的年度调查数据。HIV血清阳性率最高的是纽约（每1000人中有5.8人）、哥伦比亚特区（每1000人中有5.5人）、新泽西州（每1000人中有4.9人）和佛罗里达州（每1000人中有4.5人）。在全国范围内，估计1989年每1000名生育婴儿的妇女中有1.5人感染了HIV。假设围产期传播率为30%，我们估计在一个12个月的期间内约有1800名新生儿感染了HIV。防止HIV感染传播给妇女和婴儿是一项紧迫的公共卫生重点工作。
