New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 Jan;16(1):14-20. doi: 10.3201/eid1601.090369.
Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans cause pulmonary and systemic cryptococcosis. Recently, C. gattii was recognized as a distinct pathogen of humans and animals. We analyzed information from 400 publications (1948-2008) to examine whether the fungus occurs globally. Known distribution of C. gattii is possibly limited because specialized reagents for differentiation from C. neoformans are not readily available and not always used, and environmental surveys are patchy. However, autochthonous reports of C. gattii cryptococcosis have now been recognized from tropical and temperate regions. An ongoing outbreak in western Canada strengthens the case that the range of the pathogen has expanded. A few studies have highlighted differences in cryptococcosis between C. gattii and C. neoformans. More than 50 tree species have yielded C. gattii especially from decayed hollows suggesting a possible ecologic niche. This pathogen merits more attention so its environmental occurrence and role in cryptococcosis can be accurately determined.
新生隐球菌和格特隐球菌可引起肺部和全身隐球菌病。最近，格特隐球菌被认为是人类和动物的一种独特病原体。我们分析了 400 篇文献（1948-2008 年）的信息，以研究该真菌是否在全球存在。由于缺乏用于与新型隐球菌相区别的专用试剂，而且并非总是使用这些试剂，同时环境调查也不全面，因此，格特隐球菌的已知分布可能受到限制。然而，现在已从热带和温带地区确认了该隐球菌的地方性感染病例。在加拿大西部的一次正在进行的暴发事件，进一步证实了该病原体的分布范围已经扩大。一些研究强调了格特隐球菌和新型隐球菌之间在隐球菌病方面的差异。已有 50 多种树种可产生格特隐球菌，特别是从腐朽的树洞，表明其具有可能的生态位。这种病原体值得更多关注，以便能够准确确定其在环境中的存在及其在隐球菌病中的作用。
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