Centre for Water Science, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom.
Water Res. 2010 Mar;44(5):1389-98. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.11.020. Epub 2009 Nov 26.
A study of the variability in chemical cleaning factors on permeability recovery for potable water microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) systems has been carried out employing a cost model simulating plant fouling and cleaning regimes. The impact of a range of operating and cleaning factors on operating cost variation was computed using algorithms describing operational and cleaning factor relationships with permeability recovery data measured from bench scale tests on fibres sampled from full-scale operational plants. The model proceeded through sequencing of the cleaning and backwashing operations to generate transmembrane pressure (TMP), and so head loss, transients. A number of cleaning scenarios were considered for each plant, based on employing either a threshold TMP or fixed chemical cleaning intervals. The resulting TMP profiles were then converted to operational costs. The effect of the variability in permeability recovery on annual operating costs was calculated for each of the simulations. It was evident that significant operating cost reductions were possible from optimisation of the cleaning protocol. Cost benefit varied according to facets of plant design and operation; the innate variability in permeability recovery precluded the correlation of cleaning efficacy with fouling characteristics.
对饮用水微滤（MF）和超滤（UF）系统的化学清洗因子在渗透率恢复方面的可变性进行了研究，采用了一种成本模型来模拟工厂结垢和清洗制度。使用描述操作和清洗因子与从全规模运行工厂的纤维上进行的中试规模测试测量的渗透率恢复数据之间关系的算法，计算了一系列操作和清洗因子对操作成本变化的影响。该模型通过清洗和反冲洗操作的顺序进行，以产生跨膜压力（TMP），从而产生水头损失、瞬态。根据使用阈值 TMP 或固定化学清洗间隔，为每个工厂考虑了几种清洗方案。然后将得到的 TMP 曲线转换为操作成本。对每种模拟情况计算了渗透率恢复的可变性对年度运行成本的影响。显然，通过优化清洗方案可以显著降低运行成本。成本效益根据工厂设计和运行的各个方面而有所不同；渗透率恢复的固有可变性排除了清洗效果与结垢特性的相关性。
